A rapid and nondestructive way to measure protein and amylose content of rice was put forward based on near infrared(NIR) spectral technology. The NIR spectra were acquired from 13 varieties of rice with the wavelength from700 to 1100nm. The objectives of the present study were to establish forecasting model to find out the relationship between the absorbance of the spectrum and the main components of rice. By using the machine vision-based method, the rice appearance quality can be studied. On the basis of the evaluation criteria, 13 different kinds of rice were classified. And according to the usage of neural network, the detection model was established, so it can lay the foundation for the prediction grade of the unknown kinds of rice in the future.