Predicting hydraulic turbine cavitation erosion is useful for choosing appropriate maintenance and repair periods, enhancing runner life by suitable operation and loading, as well as optimizing the amount of civil excavation required and the most suitable type of runner material to be used during initial planning of a new turbine. In order to develop an effective method for predicting prototype hydraulic turbine cavitation erosion, it is important to clarify the relationship between the intensity of cavitation and the progress of erosion. Hence, cavitation erosion acceleration tests were conducted in this study using special test equipment. The rotating speed of the runner used in this study reached speeds exceeding 7,000 rpm, while the acceleration rate was about sixty times that of normal prototype turbine erosion progress considering the effect of the material. The relationship between cavitation intensity and turbine operating conditions has been studied in other studies. In this study the real erosion progress was examined using acceleration tests. Severe erosion occurred at the predicted condition mainly under partial load conditions and high head operation. The relationship between the rate of erosion progress, which is directly evaluated by measuring erosion pit size, and cavitation intensity measured using impulse pressure sensors, is discussed. A more basic understanding of cavitation erosion prediction could be acquired through this experimental study.