Synthesis of fabricable shape from partial specifications. (Synthèse de formes fabricables à partir de spécifications partielles)

Les techniques de fabrication rapide, issues des techniques de prototypage rapide comme l’impression 3D ou la decoupe laser permettent de fabriquer des pieces uniques sans demander d’expertise particuliere du procede mis en œuvre. En revanche la modelisation de nouveaux objets tout comme la personnalisation d’objets existants restent difficiles. En effet, les techniques de prototypages rapides imposent des contraintes sur la geometrie du modele qui doivent etre respectees. Cette these presente un ensemble de techniques qui ont pour point commun d’assister l’utilisateur dans la modelisation d’un objet, en tenant compte des contraintes du procede qui permettra de le fabriquer. A cette fin, l’algorithme prend en charge tout ou partie de la modelisation. En particulier, les problematiques suivantes sont abordees : Tout d’abord, je propose d’ameliorer la qualite des objets fabriques avec une imprimante 3D en minimisant certains defauts qui apparaissent lors de la fabrication. Les approches developpees modifient uniquement les algorithmes de pilotage de l’imprimante. En second lieu, je propose d’aider l’utilisateur a prendre en compte les contraintes de fabrication pendant la modelisation. Mes techniques utilisent des informations partielles sur la forme que l’utilisateur souhaite fabriquer, comme le dessin en deux dimensions d’un mecanisme, ou un modele parametrique qui definit un meuble. L’algorithme optimise une forme finale qui ameliore des criteres lies a sa fabrication (gaspillage, encombrement, etc.). Enfin, dans certains cas (e.g. grand public) l’utilisateur n’est pas forcement a meme de modeliser ces formes via des logiciels specialises. Pour ce cas precis, je propose une technique de synthese de meubles a partir de specifications fonctionnelles, e.g. la specification de poids a porter dans l’espace

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