Molecular weights and gyration radii of amylopectins determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography equipped with multi-angle laser-light scattering and refractive index detectors

Abstract High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) equipped with multi-angle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index (RI) detectors was used to determine weight-average molecular weight ( M w ) and z -average radius of gyration ( R z ) of amylopectin of selected starches. Ranges of M w and R z values of amylopectin were 7.0×10 7 –5.7×10 9  g/mol and 191–782 nm, respectively. Amylopectins of waxy starches had substantially larger M w than did those of normal starch counterparts. Based on the dispersed-molecular density ( M w / R z 3 ), waxy amylopectins displayed, in general, larger dispersed-molecular density than did normal amylopectin counterparts, and amylopectins of the A-type starches had larger dispersed-molecular density than did those of the B-type starches. These results suggested that amylopectins of waxy starches had more branch-chains and no extra long chains, which resulted in more densely packed molecules than did those of normal starch counterparts. The amylopectin of B-type starch had longer but fewer branch-chains, which resulted in smaller dispersed density than did that of the A-type starch. M w and R z values of amylose isolated from amylomaize VII starch were also determined to be 2.8×10 5 and 43 nm, respectively.

[1]  N. K. Matheson,et al.  Structures of the amylopectins of waxy, normal, amylose-extender, and wx:ae genotypes and of the phytoglycogen of maize. , 1993, Carbohydrate research.

[2]  C. Martin,et al.  THE SYNTHESIS OF THE STARCH GRANULE. , 1997, Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology.

[3]  A. Donald,et al.  A Universal Feature in the Structure of Starch Granules from Different Botanical Sources , 1993 .

[4]  S. Hizukuri,et al.  Structures and Properties of Sago Starches with Low and High Viscosities on Amylography , 1989 .

[5]  R. Hoseney,et al.  Effects of (1→3)(1→4)‐β‐d‐Glucans of Wheat Flour on Breadmaking , 1998 .

[6]  S. Radosta,et al.  Conformational Contributions of Amylose and Amylopectin to the Structural Properties of Starches from Various Sources , 1994 .

[7]  Bruno H. Zimm,et al.  The Scattering of Light and the Radial Distribution Function of High Polymer Solutions , 1948 .

[8]  J. Niggemann,et al.  Synthetic approaches to 2-deoxyglycosyl phosphates. , 1993, Carbohydrate research.

[9]  Paul Colonna,et al.  Macromolecular Features of Starches Determined by Aqueous High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography , 1998 .

[10]  J. L. Willett,et al.  Light-Scattering Molecular Weights and Intrinsic Viscosities of Processed Waxy Maize Starches in 90% Dimethyl Sulfoxide and H2O , 1997 .

[11]  J. Jane,et al.  Effects of Amylopectin Branch Chain Length and Amylose Content on the Gelatinization and Pasting Properties of Starch , 1999 .

[12]  J. Jane,et al.  Effect of amylose molecular size and amylopectin branch chain length on paste properties of starch , 1992 .

[13]  G. Berry.  Thermodynamic and Conformational Properties of Polystyrene. I. Light‐Scattering Studies on Dilute Solutions of Linear Polystyrenes , 1966 .

[14]  A. Donald,et al.  The influence of amylose on starch granule structure. , 1995, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[15]  S. Hizukuri,et al.  Estimation of the distributions of chain length of amylopectins by high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection , 1991 .

[16]  J. Jane,et al.  Characterization of Starch Structures of 17 Maize Endosperm Mutant Genotypes with Oh43 Inbred Line Background. , 1993 .

[17]  C. Boyer,et al.  Fine structure of amylopectin in relation to gelatinization and retrogradation behavior of maize starches from three wx-containing genotypes in two inbred lines , 1993 .

[18]  J. Jane,et al.  Structural and physical characteristics of waxy and other wheat starches , 2002 .

[19]  Marshall L. Fishman,et al.  Characterization of starches dissolved in water by microwave heating in a high pressure vessel , 1994 .

[20]  S. Hizukuri,et al.  Structures of rice amylopectins with low and high affinities for iodine , 1987 .

[21]  S. Hizukuri,et al.  Structure of the amylopectin fraction of amylomaize , 1993 .

[22]  M. Gorenstein,et al.  Determination of the molecular mass of amylose , 1998 .

[23]  S. Hizukuri,et al.  Molecular Structure of Corn Starch , 1988 .

[24]  C. Shoemaker,et al.  Starch molecular mass and size by size-exclusion chromatography in DMSO-LiBr coupled with multiple angle laser light scattering , 1998 .

[25]  S. Harding,et al.  Simultaneous determinations of the molecular weight distributions of amyloses and the fine structures of amylopectins of native starches , 1994 .

[26]  J. R. Stark,et al.  A comparison of the molecular properties of sorghum starches of different origins , 1984 .

[27]  D. S. Jackson.  Solubility Behavior of Granular Corn Starches in Methyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as Measured by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography , 1991 .

[28]  P Colonna,et al.  Starch granules: structure and biosynthesis. , 1998, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[29]  H. M. Widmer,et al.  Sedimentation field flow fractionation combined with multi angle laser light scattering applied for characterization of starch polymers , 1995 .

[30]  P. Wyatt.  Light scattering and the absolute characterization of macromolecules , 1993 .

[31]  S. Hizukuri,et al.  Molecular and pasting properties of some wheat starches , 1996 .

[32]  P. Debye,et al.  Molecular-weight determination by light scattering. , 1947, The Journal of physical and colloid chemistry.

[33]  M. Fishman,et al.  Molar Masses and Sizes of Starches by High-Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography with On-Line Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering Detection , 1996 .

[34]  S. Hizukuri.  Relationship between the distribution of the chain length of amylopectin and the crystalline structure of starch granules , 1985 .

[35]  J. L. Willett,et al.  The hydrodynamic characterization of waxy maize amylopectin in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide–water by analytical ultracentrifugation, dynamic, and static light scattering , 1999 .

[36]  J. Jane,et al.  Quantitative analysis of debranched amylopectin by HPAEC-PAD with a postcolumn enzyme reactor , 1997 .

[37]  T. Arakawa,et al.  Size-exclusion chromatography with on-line light-scattering, absorbance, and refractive index detectors for studying proteins and their interactions. , 1996, Analytical biochemistry.

[38]  J. Jane,et al.  Branch-structure difference in starches of A- and B-type X-ray patterns revealed by their Naegeli dextrins☆ , 1997 .