Broadband Nonreciprocal Phase Shifter Design Technique

In this contribution, a novel method to design broadband nonreciprocal phase shifters (NRPS) is illustrated: this new topology is based on the combination of two directive-distributed amplifiers with a four-port phase-shifting network. The presented approach includes explicit design formulae allowing for arbitrary differential-phase implementation. Extensive design description of a 180° NRPS, acting as broadband differential-phase inverter, is also provided. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.5 \times 3.4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup> demonstrator, realized in 0.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GaN HEMT technology, has an average zero insertion loss up to 25 dBm of input power, 180° ± 2° differential-phase shift, and good port matching over the 3–7-GHz operating bandwidth.

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