Monetary mechanisms of an economy stimulation in developed countries: an analytical review

difference between monetary and fiscal policies. The measures taken helped to overcome the recession in the developed world and the transi-tion to the trajectory of an economic growth. Current measures to normalize monetary policy, which the United States began, provide for a gradual increasing in the key interest rates and shrinking balance sheets of central banks. However, de facto , in much of the developed world (EU, Japan) the era of unconventional monetary policy is still going on. In general, the impact of these policies can be assessed in different ways. But it is difficult to deny two main conclusions. First, when it is necessary to overcome obstacles to the economic development, specialists and politicians of advanced countries do not hesitate to abandon market dogmas and apply new, non-traditional regulatory instruments, which were previously considered unacceptable. And the second conclusion is that, as a result, among other things, of these non-traditional instruments’ implementation, the U.S. Dollar and the Euro have retained their leader-ship among the world currencies. This, in turn, means that the United States, as well as other advanced countries, that are a part of a narrow group of global monetary centres, despite the nega-tive consequences of industrial offshoring, retains the chances of holding a leading position in the field of advanced industrial technologies, since these technologies are no longer just cyber-physical, but cyber-financial-physical.