Identity conflicts at work: An integrative framework

Summary This review examines workplace identity conflicts, offering three primary contributions. First, it reconciles hitherto fragmented perspectives on identity conflicts to offer an integrative and cross-level perspective on identity conflicts at work. Second, it elucidates an important distinction between two types of identity conflicts, namely intra-unit and inter-unit conflicts, also outlining the different roots, moderators, and reconciliations of these conflict types. Third, it proposes an alternative perspective on identity conflicts as constructive forces for individual and organizational change, also stressing the importance of context and content in shaping identity conflict outcomes. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of identity conflicts in the workplace, clarifying the current state of the science and offering new directions for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  Blake E. Ashforth,et al.  Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions , 2008 .

[2]  M. Schultz,et al.  Responding to Organizational Identity Threats: Exploring the Role of Organizational Culture , 2006 .

[3]  Dennis A. Gioia,et al.  Transitional Identity as a Facilitator of Organizational Identity Change during a Merger , 2010 .

[4]  J. K. Murnighan,et al.  Demographic Diversity and Faultlines: The Compositional DYnamics of Organizational Groups , 1998 .

[5]  Michael G. Pratt,et al.  Managing Intractable Identity Conflicts , 2009 .

[6]  Andrew D. Brown,et al.  Organizational Identity and Organizational Identification , 2013 .

[7]  J. Battilana,et al.  BUILDING SUSTAINABLE HYBRID ORGANIZATIONS: THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS , 2010 .

[8]  L. Pondy Organizational conflict: Concepts and models. , 1967 .

[9]  D. Shepherd,et al.  Toward a theory of discontinuous career transition: investigating career transitions necessitated by traumatic life events. , 2011, The Journal of applied psychology.

[10]  Otilia Obodaru,et al.  The Self Not Taken: How Alternative Selves Develop and How They Influence Our Professional Lives , 2012 .

[11]  Ranjay Gulati,et al.  Tent Poles, Tribalism, and Boundary Spanning: The Rigor-Relevance Debate in Management Research , 2007 .

[12]  Davide Ravasi,et al.  Strategies of alignment , 2011 .

[13]  E. Michael Bamber,et al.  Big 5 Auditors' Professional and Organizational Identification: Consistency or Conflict? , 2002 .

[14]  Gerard P. Hodgkinson,et al.  Psychological foundations of dynamic capabilities: Reflexion and reflection in strategic management , 2009 .

[15]  Jeffrey H. Greenhaus,et al.  Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles , 1985 .

[16]  H. Ibarra Provisional Selves: Experimenting with Image and Identity in Professional Adaptation , 1999 .

[17]  Blake E. Ashforth,et al.  Identity in Organizations: Exploring Cross-Level Dynamics , 2011, Organ. Sci..

[18]  S. Hannah,et al.  Different Hats, Different Obligations: Plural Occupational Identities and Situated Moral Judgments , 2012 .

[19]  Karen Golden-Biddle,et al.  Breaches in the Boardroom: Organizational Identity and Conflicts of Commitment in a Nonprofit Organization , 1997 .

[20]  G. Johns The Essential Impact of Context on Organizational Behavior , 2006 .

[21]  Kevin G. Corley,et al.  The Intersection of Organizational Identity, Knowledge, and Practice: Attempting Strategic Change Via Knowledge Grafting , 2007 .

[22]  E. L. Bell The bicultural life experience of career‐oriented black women , 1990 .

[23]  Anat Rafaeli,et al.  Organizational Dress as a Symbol of Multilayered Social Identities , 1997 .

[24]  M. Ventresca,et al.  Building Inclusive Markets in Rural Bangladesh: How Intermediaries Work Institutional Voids , 2012 .

[25]  Mark A Griffin,et al.  Future work selves: how salient hoped-for identities motivate proactive career behaviors. , 2012, The Journal of applied psychology.

[26]  R. Greenwood,et al.  From Practice to Field: A Multilevel Model of Practice-Driven Institutional Change , 2012 .

[27]  M. Pratt The Good, the Bad, and the Ambivalent: Managing Identification among Amway Distributors , 2000 .

[28]  Arnon E. Reichers,et al.  A review and reconceptualization of organizational commitment. , 1985, Academy of management review. Academy of Management.

[29]  J. Kenneth Benson,et al.  Organizations: A Dialectical View. , 1977 .

[30]  Denise M. Rousseau,et al.  Why workers still identify with organizations , 1998 .

[31]  J. Dawson,et al.  Boundary spanners' identification, intergroup contact, and effective intergroup relations , 2006 .

[32]  E. Kossek,et al.  Work–family conflict, policies, and the job–life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior–human resources research. , 1998 .

[33]  Jennifer Louise Petriglieri,et al.  Under Threat: Responses to and the Consequences of Threats to Individuals' Identities , 2011 .

[34]  D. Hambrick,et al.  FACTIONAL GROUPS: A NEW VANTAGE ON DEMOGRAPHIC FAULTLINES, CONFLICT, AND DISINTEGRATION IN WORK TEAMS , 2005 .

[35]  Glen E. Kreiner,et al.  Where is the “Me” Among the “We”? Identity Work and the Search for Optimal Balance , 2006 .

[36]  Danna Greenberg,et al.  Cross-Domain Identity Transition during Liminal Periods: Constructing Multiple Selves as Professional and Mother during Pregnancy , 2012 .

[37]  Kevin G. Corley,et al.  Identity Ambiguity and Change in the Wake of a Corporate Spin-off , 2004 .

[38]  Kris Byron A meta-analytic review of work–family conflict and its antecedents ☆ , 2005 .

[39]  Blake E. Ashforth,et al.  How can you do it?: Dirty work and the challenge of constructing a positive identity , 1999 .

[40]  Blake E. Ashforth,et al.  All in a Day'S Work: Boundaries and Micro Role Transitions , 2000 .

[41]  C. Voisey When a Japanese subsidiary is not a Japanese subsidiary: Internationalization as changing organizational identity and capabilities , 2009 .

[42]  Patricia Faison Hewlin,et al.  SPLINTERED IDENTITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: THE PREDICAMENT OF BOUNDARY SPANNING MANAGERS , 2003 .

[43]  W. Creed,et al.  Institutional Contradictions, Praxis, and Institutional Change: A Dialectical Perspective , 2002 .

[44]  Kevin G. Corley,et al.  Visionary Ambiguity and Strategic Change , 2012 .

[45]  Gregory A. Bigley,et al.  Effects of organizational and professional identification on the relationship between administrators' social influence and professional employees' adoption of new work behavior. , 2009, The Journal of applied psychology.

[46]  M. Hogg,et al.  Comments on the motivational status of self-esteem in social identity and intergroup discrimination , 1988 .

[47]  Graham L. Staines,et al.  Conflicts among Work, Leisure, and Family Roles. , 1980 .

[48]  M. Pillutla,et al.  Multi-cultural leadership teams and organizational identification in international joint ventures , 2002 .

[49]  R. Bourhis,et al.  Power and status differentials in minority and majority group relations , 1991 .

[50]  P. Thoits Multiple identities and psychological well-being: a reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis. , 1983, American sociological review.

[51]  Holly S. Slay,et al.  Professional identity construction: Using narrative to understand the negotiation of professional and stigmatized cultural identities , 2011 .

[52]  Fred A. Mael,et al.  Social identity theory and the organization , 1989 .

[53]  M. Brewer The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time , 1991 .

[54]  Gerard P. Hodgkinson,et al.  Organizational Identity and Organizational Identification , 2013 .

[55]  M. A. Fleming,et al.  The Effects of Multiple Identities on Psychological Well-Being , 2008, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[56]  Jane E. Dutton,et al.  Pathways for Positive Identity Construction at Work: Four Types of Positive Identity and the Building of Social Resources , 2010 .

[57]  Jeffrey H. Greenhaus,et al.  Interrole conflict among married women: The influence of husband and wife characteristics on conflict and coping behavior , 1982 .

[58]  M. Hogg,et al.  Social Identity and Self-Categorization Processes in Organizational Contexts , 2000 .

[59]  W. E. Douglas Creed,et al.  Being the Change: Resolving Institutional Contradiction through Identity Work , 2010 .

[60]  Daniel M. Cable,et al.  Organizational Identity and Firm Performance: What Happens When Leaders Disagree About "Who We Are?" , 2006, Organ. Sci..

[61]  Kevin G. Corley Defined by our strategy or our culture? Hierarchical differences in perceptions of organizational identity and change , 2004 .

[62]  S. Chreim,et al.  Interlevel Influences on the Reconstruction of Professional Role Identity , 2007 .

[63]  Matthew J. Hornsey,et al.  Assimilation and Diversity: An Integrative Model of Subgroup Relations , 2000 .

[64]  L. Roberts Changing Faces: Professional Image Construction In Diverse Organizational Settings , 2005 .

[65]  M. Riketta Organizational identification: A meta-analysis , 2005 .

[66]  M. Bazerman,et al.  negotiating with Yourself and Losing: Making Decisions with Competing Internal Preferences , 1998 .

[67]  Benson Honig,et al.  The Life Cycle of an Internet Firm: Scripts, Legitimacy, and Identity , 2009 .

[68]  Peter Foreman,et al.  Members' Identification with Multiple-Identity Organizations , 2002, Organ. Sci..

[69]  Maureen A. Scully,et al.  Crossroads Tempered Radicalism and the Politics of Ambivalence and Change , 1995 .

[70]  M. Brewer,et al.  Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations. , 1996 .

[71]  M. Pratt,et al.  Classifying Managerial Responses to Multiple Organizational Identities , 2000 .

[72]  M. Pratt,et al.  Constructing Professional Identity: The Role of Work and Identity Learning Cycles in the Customization of Identity Among Medical Residents , 2006 .

[73]  Thomas W. H. Ng,et al.  Long work hours: a social identity perspective on meta‐analysis data , 2008 .

[74]  M. Glynn When Cymbals Become Symbols: Conflict Over Organizational Identity Within a Symphony Orchestra , 2000 .

[75]  A. Gouldner Cosmopolitans and locals : toward an analysis of latent social roles-II , 1957 .

[76]  M. Wenzel,et al.  Social Discrimination and Tolerance in Intergroup Relations: Reactions to Intergroup Difference , 1999, Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

[77]  Michelle K. Ryan,et al.  Working With Subgroup Identities to Build Organizational Identification and Support for Organizational Strategy , 2013 .

[78]  Daan van Knippenberg,et al.  Work Motivation and Performance: A Social Identity Perspective , 2000 .