Optical Equalization: System Modeling and Performance Evaluation

Optical equalization in fiber-optic systems is theoretically investigated. First, a wide variety of optical equalizers is presented by giving their equivalent models, by describing the basic principles of operation, and by showing analogies and differences among different structures and configurations. Then, evaluation of the bit error rate and outage probability, in the presence of optical noise, chromatic dispersion (CD), and polarization mode dispersion (PMD), is discussed by comparing different methods based either on the PMD vector and its related statistics or on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations applied to a random waveplate model. As the first relevant result, the accuracy and complexity of different PMD models in compensated systems are tested and compared, and a novel reduced Bruyegravere-Kogelnik (BK) model, which is more accurate and simple than the complete BK model or other second-order models, is proposed. As an additional result, the ultimate theoretical performance for different configurations and numbers of stages of the equalizers is given, and it is shown that when a single equalizer is used for a pair of polarization-multiplexed channels, the system tolerance to PMD is highly increased

[1]  C. Menyuk,et al.  Error estimation in multicanonical Monte Carlo Simulations with applications to polarization-mode-dispersion emulators , 2005, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[2]  Alan E. Willner,et al.  Comparison of polarization mode dispersion emulators , 2001 .

[3]  Fred Buchali,et al.  PMD mitigation at 10 Gbit/s using linear and nonlinear integrated electronic equaliser circuits , 2000 .

[4]  D. Yevick,et al.  Multicanonical communication system modeling-application to PMD statistics , 2002, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[5]  Seb J. Savory,et al.  Estimating Outages Due to PMD Using Extreme Value Statistics , 2004 .

[6]  S. Chandrasekhar,et al.  Simple multichannel optical equalizer mitigating intersymbol interference for 40-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signals , 2004, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[7]  F. Buchali,et al.  Higher order PMD canceller , 2002, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit.

[8]  H. Kogelnik,et al.  Second-order PMD outage of first-order compensated fiber systems , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[9]  B. Berg,et al.  Multicanonical algorithms for first order phase transitions , 1991 .

[10]  Jin Wang,et al.  Impact of chromatic and polarization-mode dispersions on DPSK systems using interferometric demodulation and direct detection , 2004, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[11]  Enrico Forestieri.  A fast and accurate method for evaluating joint second-order PMD statistics , 2003 .

[12]  R. Ramaswami,et al.  Optical fiber communication: from transmission to networking , 2002, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[13]  L. Moller.  Concept for individual channel polarization control in a WDM signal using an integrated device , 2001, 2001 Digest of LEOS Summer Topical Meetings: Advanced Semiconductor Lasers and Applications/Ultraviolet and Blue Lasers and Their Applications/Ultralong Haul DWDM Transmission and Networking/WDM Compo.

[14]  Marco Secondini,et al.  Adaptive minimum MSE controlled PLC optical equalizer for chromatic dispersion compensation , 2003 .

[15]  S. Kuwano,et al.  Dispersion-tolerant optical transmission system using duobinary transmitter and binary receiver , 1997 .

[16]  T. Miya,et al.  Silica-based planar lightwave circuits: passive and thermally active devices , 2000, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[17]  E. Forestieri.  Evaluating the error probability in lightwave systems with chromatic dispersion, arbitrary pulse shape and pre- and postdetection filtering , 2003, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[18]  Moshe Tur,et al.  Representation of second-order polarisation mode dispersion , 1999 .

[19]  L. Vincetti,et al.  A simple and useful model for Jones matrix to evaluate higher order polarization-mode dispersion effects , 2001, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[20]  Comparison study of the average transfer matrix of first- and second-order PMD , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[21]  G. Prati,et al.  PLC optical equalizer for chromatic and polarization-mode dispersion compensation based on MSE control , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[22]  H. Kogelnik,et al.  Jones matrix for second-order polarization mode dispersion. , 2000, Optics letters.

[23]  J. Nagel,et al.  Chapter 6 – Polarization Effects in Lightwave Systems , 1997 .

[24]  Enrico Forestieri,et al.  Novel optical line codes tolerant to fiber chromatic dispersion , 2001 .

[25]  Giulio Colavolpe,et al.  Novel MSE adaptive control of optical PMD compensators , 2002 .

[26]  Luca Vincetti,et al.  Exact evaluation of the Jones matrix of a fiber in the presence of polarization mode dispersion of any order , 2001 .

[27]  Richard E. Wagner,et al.  Chromatic dispersion limitations in coherent lightwave transmission systems , 1988 .

[28]  E. Forestieri,et al.  Exact analytical evaluation of second-order PMD impact on the outage probability for a compensated system , 2004, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[29]  G. Biondini,et al.  Importance sampling for polarization-mode dispersion , 2002, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[30]  M. Secondini,et al.  All-order PMD outage probability evaluation by Markov chain Monte Carlo Simulations , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[31]  Richard E. Wagner,et al.  Chromatic dispersion limitations in coherent lightwave transmission systems , 1988 .

[32]  Luca Palmieri,et al.  Optimized spinning design for low PMD fibers: an analytical approach , 2001 .

[33]  E. Ciaramella.  Theoretical evidence of dynamical limitations in practical single-stage PMD compensators , 2004, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[34]  T. Saida,et al.  Planar lightwave circuit polarization mode dispersion compensator , 2001, Proceedings 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (Cat. No.01TH8551).

[35]  Giulio Colavolpe,et al.  Joint PLC-based PMD compensation and demux of polarization multiplexed channelspairs in WDM systems , 2004 .

[36]  G. Foschini,et al.  Statistical theory of polarization dispersion in single mode fibers , 1991 .

[37]  L. E. Nelson,et al.  Statistics of second-order PMD depolarization , 2001 .

[38]  Daniel A. Fishman,et al.  Automatic compensation of first order polarization mode dispersion in a 10 Gb/s transmission system , 1998, 24th European Conference on Optical Communication. ECOC '98 (IEEE Cat. No.98TH8398).

[39]  S. Savory,et al.  Estimating Outages Due to Polarization Mode Dispersion Using Extreme Value Statistics , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[40]  D. Sandel,et al.  Polarization mode dispersion tolerance of bandwidth-efficient multilevel modulation schemes , 2000, Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Technical Digest Postconference Edition. Trends in Optics and Photonics Vol.37 (IEEE Cat. No. 00CH37079).

[41]  A. Bononi,et al.  Is there life beyond the principal states of polarization , 2002 .

[42]  Reinhold Noe,et al.  Polarization mode dispersion compensation at 10, 20, and 40 Gb/s with various optical equalizers , 1999 .

[43]  H. Kogelnik,et al.  The statistics of PMD-induced chromatic fiber dispersion , 1999 .

[44]  W. Rosenkranz,et al.  Experimental verification of combined adaptive PMD and GVD compensation in a 40 Gb/s transmission using integrated optical FIR-filters and spectrum monitoring , 2004, Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2004. OFC 2004.

[45]  Frank Bruyere.  Impact of First- and Second-Order PMD in Optical Digital Transmission Systems , 1996 .

[46]  D. Penninckx,et al.  A simple dynamic polarization mode dispersion compensator , 1999 .

[47]  Sethumadhavan Chandrasekhar,et al.  Setup for demonstration of cross channel-induced nonlinear PMD in WDM system , 2001 .

[48]  G. Prati,et al.  Performance of MSE configured PLC optical equalizers for chromatic dispersion compensation , 2003, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[49]  Marc Bohn,et al.  An adaptive optical equalizer concept for single channel distortion compensation , 2001, Proceedings 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (Cat. No.01TH8551).

[50]  H. Bulow.  System outage probability due to first- and second-order PMD , 1998, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.