Current Status of Breast Ultrasound

Ultrasound (US) has a significant role in diagnostic breast imaging. It is most commonly used as an adjunctive test in characterizing lesions detected by other imaging modalities or by clinical examination. US is recognized as the modality of choice in the evaluation of women who are symptomatic and younger than 30 years of age, pregnant, or lactating. Combined mammography and US appear to have a role in screening high-risk populations. The use of standard Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System US lexicon is helpful in guiding the differentiation between benign and malignant sonographic signs. Biopsy is warranted when benign features are absent or for any feature consistent with malignancy, despite other benign findings. Whole breast and axillary US are useful in assessing tumour extension, multifocality, and the status of axillary lymph nodes. US is the modality of choice for guiding interventional breast procedures. The role of US as a guidance tool for nonoperative breast treatment is being investigated.

[1]  E. Sickles.  Probably benign breast lesions: when should follow-up be recommended and what is the optimal follow-up protocol? , 1999, Radiology.

[2]  Devang J. Doshi,et al.  Complex cystic breast masses: diagnostic approach and imaging-pathologic correlation. , 2007, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[3]  Hiroyuki Abe,et al.  Axillary lymph nodes suspicious for breast cancer metastasis: sampling with US-guided 14-gauge core-needle biopsy--clinical experience in 100 patients. , 2009, Radiology.

[4]  Eun-Kyung Kim,et al.  Missed breast cancers at US-guided core needle biopsy: how to reduce them. , 2007, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[5]  Alan J. Fenn,et al.  Focused Microwave Thermotherapy for Preoperative Treatment of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Review of Clinical Studies , 2010, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[6]  G. Vlastos,et al.  Minimally invasive approaches for diagnosis and treatment of early-stage breast cancer. , 2007, The oncologist.

[7]  W. Berg,et al.  Cystic lesions of the breast: sonographic-pathologic correlation. , 2003, Radiology.

[8]  S. Nam,et al.  Probably benign breast masses diagnosed by sonography: is there a difference in the cancer rate according to palpability? , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[9]  D. Vanel.  The American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS): a step towards a universal radiological language? , 2007, European journal of radiology.

[10]  A. Stavros,et al.  Solid breast nodules: use of sonography to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. , 1995, Radiology.

[11]  A. Stavros,et al.  US-guided automated large-core breast biopsy. , 1993, Radiology.

[12]  L. Liberman,et al.  Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). , 2002, Radiologic clinics of North America.

[13]  L. Philpotts,et al.  Comparison of automated versus vacuum-assisted biopsy methods for sonographically guided core biopsy of the breast. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[14]  D. Noh,et al.  US of ductal carcinoma in situ. , 2002, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[15]  W. Berg,et al.  Multicentric and multifocal cancer: whole-breast US in preoperative evaluation. , 2000, Radiology.

[16]  Sukru Mehmet Erturk,et al.  Benign and malignant breast lesions: efficacy of real time contrast-enhanced ultrasound vs. magnetic resonance imaging. , 2007, Ultraschall in der Medizin.

[17]  R. Birdwell,et al.  Probably Benign Breast Masses at US: Is Follow-up an Acceptable Alternative to Biopsy? , 2008 .

[18]  V. Klimberg,et al.  Use of ultrasound in breast surgery. , 2007, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[19]  J. Peterse,et al.  Ultrasonography and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Can Spare Breast Cancer Patients Unnecessary Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , 2006, Annals of Surgical Oncology.

[20]  W. Bradley,et al.  MR-guided focused ultrasound: a potentially disruptive technology. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR.

[21]  M. Nyman,et al.  Breast abscess in lactating women: US-guided treatment. , 2004, Radiology.

[22]  Role of sonography in evaluation of radial scars of the breast. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[23]  P. Skaane,et al.  Analysis of sonographic features in the differentiation of fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. , 1998, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[24]  L. Venta,et al.  Management of complex breast cysts. , 1999, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[25]  I. Olivotto,et al.  Treatment of invasive breast carcinoma with ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation. , 2003, American journal of surgery.

[26]  Stephen P Povoski,et al.  Radiofrequency ablation of invasive breast carcinoma followed by delayed surgical excision , 2003, Cancer.

[27]  K. Brandt,et al.  The many faces of fat necrosis in the breast. , 2009, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[28]  L L Fajardo,et al.  Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions in a multicenter clinical trial: results from the radiologic diagnostic oncology group V. , 2001, Radiology.

[29]  E A Sickles,et al.  Multiple bilateral masses detected on screening mammography: assessment of need for recall imaging. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[30]  A. Arieno,et al.  Community‐Based Practice Experience of Unsuspected Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities Evaluated With Second‐Look Sonography , 2009, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[31]  L. Venta,et al.  Sonographically guided metallic clip placement after core needle biopsy of the breast. , 2000, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[32]  F. Tavassoli,et al.  Fibroadenoma and cystosarcoma phyllodes of the male breast. , 1992, Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc.

[33]  T. Helbich,et al.  Follow-up of palpable circumscribed noncalcified solid breast masses at mammography and US: can biopsy be averted? , 2004, Radiology.

[34]  T. Rissanen,et al.  Breast Sonography in Localizing the Cause of Nipple Discharge , 2007, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[35]  G. Whitman,et al.  Workup and staging of locally advanced breast cancer. , 2009, Seminars in radiation oncology.

[36]  Soo Young Chung,et al.  Differentiating benign from malignant solid breast masses: comparison of two-dimensional and three-dimensional US. , 2006, Radiology.

[37]  R. Kamal,et al.  Classification of Inflammatory Breast Disorders and Step by Step Diagnosis , 2009, The breast journal.

[38]  T. Matsumura,et al.  Breast disease: clinical application of US elastography for diagnosis. , 2006, Radiology.

[39]  Judy C. Boughey,et al.  Preoperative Sonographic Classification of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Patients With Breast Cancer: Node-to-Node Correlation With Surgical Histology and Sentinel Node Biopsy Results , 2010 .

[40]  Pavel Crystal,et al.  Using sonography to screen women with mammographically dense breasts. , 2003, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[41]  K. Dedes,et al.  Clinical presentation and surgical management of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. , 2008, Breast disease.

[42]  B. Cady,et al.  Axillary lymph nodes: US-guided fine-needle aspiration for initial staging of breast cancer--correlation with primary tumor size. , 2008, Radiology.

[43]  J. Baker,et al.  BI-RADS for sonography: positive and negative predictive values of sonographic features. , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[44]  C. Merritt.  Combined Screening With Ultrasound and Mammography vs Mammography Alone in Women at Elevated Risk of Breast Cancer , 2009 .

[45]  Lorenzo L. Pesce,et al.  Breast US computer-aided diagnosis system: robustness across urban populations in South Korea and the United States. , 2009, Radiology.

[46]  Woo Kyung Moon,et al.  Multifocal, multicentric, and contralateral breast cancers: bilateral whole-breast US in the preoperative evaluation of patients. , 2002, Radiology.

[47]  W. P. Evans,et al.  Rate of insufficient samples for fine‐needle aspiration for nonpalpable breast lesions in a multicenter clinical trial , 1998, Cancer.

[48]  S. Duchesne,et al.  Redefining ultrasound appearance criteria of positive axillary lymph nodes. , 2005, Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes.

[49]  A. Porter,et al.  Difficulties in the pre-operative diagnosis of phyllodes tumours of the breast: a study of 84 cases. , 2007, Breast.

[50]  L. Bassett,et al.  Imaging characteristics of malignant lesions of the male breast. , 2006, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[51]  K. Schilling,et al.  Sonographically guided directional vacuum-assisted breast biopsy using a handheld device. , 2001, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[52]  W. Berg.  Sonographically depicted breast clustered microcysts: is follow-up appropriate? , 2005, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[53]  K. Kelly,et al.  Breast cancer detection using automated whole breast ultrasound and mammography in radiographically dense breasts , 2009, European Radiology.

[54]  Rebecca S Lewis,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of mammography, clinical examination, US, and MR imaging in preoperative assessment of breast cancer. , 2004, Radiology.