Digital Disruption: Lessons Learned from Virtual Team Management

The purpose of this paper was to discover how management skills influence online teams in direct comparison to offline teams. A survey was conducted of 120 managers working in varying degrees of online and offline teams. As virtual teams are affected differently by leadership and communication skills together with team dynamics and culture, these attributes were examined at length to understand how best to manage online teams. The paper gives light to the new phenomenon of online teams and their benefits but also the extra attention needed when communicating, as the element of human interaction is missing. The study revealed that leadership and communication are important in online teams. Also, interaction and engagement with online teams require more sensitivity. Finally, team dynamics are more difficult to develop with online teams, and culture plays a major role in managing online teams.

[1]  John S. Gero,et al.  Social learning in design teams: The importance of direct and indirect communications , 2013, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[2]  S. Sarin,et al.  First Among Equals: The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on the Internal Dynamics of Cross-Functional Product Development Teams , 2009 .

[3]  Denise A. Bonebright 40 years of storming: a historical review of Tuckman's model of small group development , 2010 .

[4]  P. Schoemaker,et al.  Strategic leadership: the essential skills. , 2013, Harvard business review.

[5]  M. Neale,et al.  What Differences Make a Difference? , 2005, Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society.

[6]  H. Chang,et al.  Determinants of cultural adaptation, communication quality, and trust in virtual teams' performance , 2011 .

[7]  Jonathon N. Cummings Geography is alive and well in virtual teams , 2011, Commun. ACM.

[8]  Sharon K. Parker,et al.  Proactively performing teams: The role of work design, transformational leadership, and team composition , 2010 .

[9]  Building Trust in Teams: A Leader's Role , 2013 .

[10]  S. Mysirlaki,et al.  Leadership in MMOGs: A Field of Research on Virtual Teams , 2012 .

[11]  Feng-Yang Kuo,et al.  A Study of How Information System Professionals Comprehend Indirect and Direct Speech Acts in Project Communication , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication.

[12]  Tudor Rickards,et al.  Creative Leadership Processes in Project Team Development: An Alternative to Tuckman's Stage Model , 2000 .

[13]  R. D. de Vries,et al.  Leadership = Communication? The Relations of Leaders’ Communication Styles with Leadership Styles, Knowledge Sharing and Leadership Outcomes , 2009, Journal of business and psychology.

[14]  A. Humphrey Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Role of Organizational Identification , 2012 .

[15]  B. Tuckman DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE IN SMALL GROUPS. , 1965, Psychological bulletin.

[16]  Xiaojun Zhang,et al.  Explaining Employee Job Performance: The Role of Online and Offline Workplace Communication Networks , 2013, MIS Q..

[17]  Niina Nurmi,et al.  Coping with coping strategies: how distributed teams and their members deal with the stress of distance, time zones and culture. , 2011, Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress.

[18]  Guido Hertel,et al.  Challenges in Norm Formation and Adherence , 2013 .

[19]  Moez Limayem,et al.  Team Collaboration in Virtual Worlds: Editorial to the Special Issue , 2012, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[20]  Robert B. Davison,et al.  Team structure and regulatory focus: the impact of regulatory fit on team dynamic. , 2012, The Journal of applied psychology.

[21]  B. Tuckman,et al.  Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited , 1977 .

[22]  Darleen M. DeRosa,et al.  Virtual Team Success: A Practical Guide for Working and Leading from a Distance , 2010 .

[23]  C. Thomas Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice: Language Policy in Multilingual Organisations , 2008 .

[24]  Matthew W. Miller,et al.  The Effects of Team Environment on Attentional Resource Allocation and Cognitive Workload , 2013 .

[25]  Gregory R. Berry Enhancing Effectiveness on Virtual Teams , 2011 .