Nanostructured, Glassy-Carbon-Supported Pt/GC Electrodes: The Presence of Secondary Pt Nanostructures and How to Avoid Them

Nanostructured, glassy carbon GC supported Pt/GC electrodes, with Pt nanostructures nanodisks of controlled size 100–140 nm in diameter and separation homogeneously distributed on a planar GC substrate, were recently shown to be interesting model systems for electrocatalytic reaction studies M. Gustavsson, H. Fredriksson, B. Kasemo, Z. Jusys, C. Jun, and R. J. Behm, J. Electroanal. Chem., 568, 371 2004. We present here electron microscopy and electrochemical measurements which reveal that the fabrication of these nanostructured electrodes via colloidal lithography, in addition to the intended nanodisks, results in a dilute layer of much smaller Pt nanoparticles diameter 5n m on the GC surface in the areas between the Pt nanodisks. We further demonstrate that by using the developed, related method of hole-mask colloidal lithography HCLH. Fredriksson, Y. Alaverdyan, A. Dmitriev, C. Langhammer, D. S. Sutherland, M. Zach, and B. Kasemo, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.), 19, 4297 2007, similar electrodes can be prepared which are free from these Pt nanoparticles. The effect of the additional small Pt nanoparticles on the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of these nanostructured electrodes, which is significant and can become dominant at low densities of the Pt nanodisks, is illustrated and discussed. These results leave HCL the preferred method for the fabrication of nanostructured Pt/GC electrodes, in particular, of low-density Pt/GC electrodes.

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