Expanding network applications with coherent detection

The practical domain of network applications is expanded by the use of coherent receivers and comprehensive equalization. This includes line equipment reduction, channel spectral efficiency design, network spectral efficiency design, reclaim of PMD compromised fiber plant, and capacity evolution at fixed line design. Attendant to these capabilities are new design considerations such as valuable and of FEC overhead, polarization dependent losses, dispersion, and phase noise. Coherent optical transmission will be preeminent in high capacity optical networking.