A REVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROCK WEATHERING AND CLIMATE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Abstract This paper is a preliminary review of the large field embraced by climate and engineering aspects of the weathering of rock. Factors affecting weathering and the development of residual soils in general and their relationship to the engineering classifications of weathered materials are briefly discussed. The development of residual soils within four principal climatic zones of the world: periglacial, temperate, arid and humid tropical, is examined in more detail. The engineering behaviour of the residual soils in these zones is reviewed and compared, firstly by considering the engineering properties of the various soils and secondly by their performance as foundation material. The results of the review are summarised in the form of tables and figures. It is concluded from the work that generalized knowledge of climate and engineering behaviour of weathering rock and residual soils is helpful in the planning of engineering projects and in the economic design of site investigations, but it is emphasised each site must be investigated on its own merits.

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