Partition of lectin from Canavalia grandiflora Benth in aqueous two-phase systems using factorial design

Abstract This work explores the possibility of using a polyethylene glycol (PEG)/sodium citrate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) as a first step in a process for the purification of lectin from Canavalia grandiflora seed. Purification of lectins is a limiting step for its uses in the area of biotechnology. Extraction by an aqueous two-phase system is a powerful technique for separation, concentration, and purification of biomolecules and pharmaceutical products. Four factors (PEG's molar mass, PEG's concentration, pH, citrate concentration) affecting the lectin ConGF partitioning were studied. A two-level factorial design (24) was carried out. Lectin ConGF preferentially partitioned to the top (polyethylene glycol) phase. The statistical analysis showed that the citrate concentration chloride significantly affects the KL (partitioning coefficient for protein) value for lectin partitioning. An ATPS composed of 20% (w/w) PEG 400 and 20% (w/w) citrate, at pH 6, allowed the recovery of lectin ConGF with an 8.67 partition coefficient and 104% yield. Consequently, the system proved to be efficient and can be used as a first step in lectin purification from crude extract of ConGF seeds.

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