A comprehensive bang-bang phase detector model for high speed clock and data recovery systems

A comprehensive model for bang-bang phase detectors (BBPD) is proposed. This model consists of all nonideality effects that influence on the characterization of the phase detector. The new nonideality effects that considered are input signal level, VCO signal jitter and clock skew of VCO clock, between all flip-flops. Also a new expression is extracted for metastability. An Alexander phase detector is considered for the proposed model on this paper.

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