A Probabilistic Emergent Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks are infrastructure-less networks consisting of wireless, possibly mobile nodes which are organized in peer-to-peer and autonomous fashion. The highly dynamic topology, limited bandwidth availability and energy constraints make the routing problem a challenging one. In this paper we take a novel approach to the routing problem in MANETs by using swarm inteligenceinspired algorithms. The proposed algorithm uses Ant-like agents to discover and maintain paths in a MANET with dynamic topology. We present simulation results that measure the performance of our algorithm with respect to the characteristics of a MANET, the varying parameters of the algorithm itself as well as performance comparison with other well-known routing protocols.

[1]  John S. Baras,et al.  On Trust Establishment in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks , 2002, Security Protocols Workshop.

[2]  G. Di Caro,et al.  Ant colony optimization: a new meta-heuristic , 1999, Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation-CEC99 (Cat. No. 99TH8406).

[3]  Imed Bouazizi,et al.  ARA-the ant-colony based routing algorithm for MANETs , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshop.

[4]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[5]  Devika Subramanian,et al.  Ants and Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study in Routing in Dynamic Networks , 1997, IJCAI.

[6]  M.A. El-Sharkawi,et al.  Swarm intelligence for routing in communication networks , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[7]  Marco Dorigo,et al.  Ant Colonies for Adaptive Routing in Packet-Switched Communications Networks , 1998, PPSN.

[8]  Guy Theraulaz,et al.  Routing in Telecommunications Networks with Ant-Like Agents , 1999, IATA.

[9]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad Hoc Networking , 2001 .

[10]  Gianni A. Di Caro,et al.  AntNet: A Mobile Agents Approach to Adaptive Routing , 1999 .

[11]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1994, Mobidata.

[12]  Tony White,et al.  Towards multi-swarm problem solving in networks , 1998, Proceedings International Conference on Multi Agent Systems (Cat. No.98EX160).

[13]  H. Mehta.  Dynamic Adaptive Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2002 .

[14]  Janet Bruten,et al.  Ant-like agents for load balancing in telecommunications networks , 1997, AGENTS '97.

[15]  David A. Maltz,et al.  A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols , 1998, MobiCom '98.

[16]  Marco Dorigo,et al.  AntNet: Distributed Stigmergetic Control for Communications Networks , 1998, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[17]  A. M. Abdullah,et al.  Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications , 1997 .

[18]  E. Bonabeau,et al.  Routing in Telecommunications Networks with “ Smart ” Ant-Like Agents , 1998 .

[19]  Martin Heusse,et al.  Adaptive Agent-Driven Routing and Load Balancing in Communication Networks , 1998, Adv. Complex Syst..

[20]  Marco Dorigo,et al.  Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems , 1999 .

[21]  Chen-Khong Tham,et al.  Mobile agents based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks , 2002, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE.