Hybrid Sensor Device for Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface Acoustic Wave Measurements

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Love wave (LW) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have been established as reliable biosensing technologies for label-free, real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. This work reports the development of a combined SPR/LW-SAW platform to facilitate simultaneous optical and acoustic measurements for the investigation of biomolecules binding on a single surface. The system’s output provides recordings of two acoustic parameters, phase and amplitude of a Love wave, synchronized with SPR readings. We present the design and manufacturing of a novel experimental set-up employing, in addition to the SPR/LW-SAW device, a 3D-printed plastic holder combined with a PDMS microfluidic cell so that the platform can be used in a flow-through mode. The system was evaluated in a systematic study of the optical and acoustic responses for different surface perturbations, i.e., rigid mass loading (Au deposition), pure viscous loading (glycerol and sucrose solutions) and protein adsorption (BSA). Our results provide the theoretical and experimental basis for future application of the combined system to other biochemical and biophysical studies.

[1]  T. Schäfer,et al.  Study of the interactions of proteins with a solid surface using complementary acoustic and optical techniques. , 2014, Biointerphases.

[2]  Glen McHale,et al.  Generalized concept of shear horizontal acoustic plate mode and Love wave sensors , 2003 .

[3]  T. Chinowsky,et al.  Quantitative interpretation of the response of surface plasmon resonance sensors to adsorbed films , 1998 .

[4]  Jean-Michel Friedt,et al.  Human immunoglobulin adsorption investigated by means of quartz crystal microbalance dissipation, atomic force microscopy, surface acoustic wave, and surface plasmon resonance techniques. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[5]  D. Cumming,et al.  Hybrid localized surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance sensor for label free biosensing. , 2018, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  F. Bender,et al.  Probing mechanical properties of liposomes using acoustic sensors. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[7]  J. Gerasimov,et al.  Combined optical and acoustical method for determination of thickness and porosity of transparent organic layers below the ultra-thin film limit. , 2011, The Review of scientific instruments.

[8]  C. Bartic,et al.  Techniques to evaluate the mass sensitivity of Love mode surface acoustic wave biosensors , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2004..

[9]  T. Hagiwara,et al.  Monitoring of adsorption behaviors of bovine serum albumin onto a stainless steel surface by the quartz crystal microbalance based on admittance analysis , 2017, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[10]  Jean-Michel Friedt,et al.  In situ evaluation of density, viscosity, and thickness of adsorbed soft layers by combined surface acoustic wave and surface plasmon resonance. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[11]  L. G. Longsworth,et al.  The specific refractive increment of some purified proteins. , 1948, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[12]  Electra Gizeli,et al.  Comparison of Poly(methylmethacrylate) and Novolak waveguide coatings for an acoustic biosensor , 2001 .

[13]  L. Francis,et al.  Combined surface acoustic wave and surface plasmon resonance measurement of collagen and fibrinogen layer physical properties , 2016 .

[14]  Konstantinos Mitsakakis,et al.  Quantitative determination of protein molecular weight with an acoustic sensor; significance of specific versus non-specific binding. , 2014, The Analyst.

[15]  Mark E Welland,et al.  Ultraflat Gold QCM Electrodes Fabricated with Pressure-Forming Template Stripping for Protein Studies at the Nanoscale. , 2019, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[16]  S Hunklinger,et al.  Viscoelastic behavior of antibody films on a shear horizontal acoustic surface wave sensor. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[17]  Stephen J. Martin,et al.  Thin metal film characterization and chemical sensors: monitoring electronic conductivity, mass loading and mechanical properties with surface acoustic wave devices , 1991 .

[18]  B. Persson,et al.  Quantitative determination of surface concentration of protein with surface plasmon resonance using radiolabeled proteins , 1991 .

[19]  B. Liedberg,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance for gas detection and biosensing , 1983 .

[20]  George Papadakis,et al.  Quantitative determination of size and shape of surface-bound DNA using an acoustic wave sensor. , 2008, Biophysical journal.

[21]  Michael J. Vellekoop,et al.  A love wave sensor for (bio)chemical sensing in liquids , 1994 .

[22]  P. Tengvall,et al.  Quantification of adsorbed human serum albumin at solid interfaces: a comparison between radioimmunoassay (RIA) and simple null ellipsometry , 2000 .

[23]  Janos Vörös,et al.  The density and refractive index of adsorbing protein layers. , 2004, Biophysical journal.

[24]  T. Mcmeekin,et al.  Refractive indices of proteins in relation to amino acid composition and specific volume , 1962 .

[25]  Antonio J. Ricco,et al.  Characterization of SH acoustic plate mode liquid sensors , 1989 .

[26]  Fredrik Höök,et al.  Synchronized quartz crystal microbalance and nanoplasmonic sensing of biomolecular recognition reactions. , 2008, ACS nano.

[27]  B. Kasemo,et al.  A combined reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation setup for surface interaction studies. , 2008, The Review of scientific instruments.

[28]  L. Francis,et al.  Simultaneous surface acoustic wave and surface plasmon resonance measurements: Electrodeposition and biological interactions monitoring , 2003, cond-mat/0307105.

[29]  M. Vellekoop,et al.  Viscosity sensing using a Love-wave device , 1998 .

[30]  G. Sauerbrey.  Verwendung von Schwingquarzen zur Wägung dünner Schichten und zur Mikrowägung , 1959 .

[31]  Marcus Textor,et al.  A comparative study of protein adsorption on titanium oxide surfaces using in situ ellipsometry, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance/dissipation , 2002 .

[32]  Steffi Ketelhut,et al.  Refractive index determination of buffer solutions from visible to near-infrared spectral range for multispectral quantitative phase imaging using a calibrated Abbe refractometer , 2019, BiOS.

[33]  Stephen J. Martin,et al.  Dynamics and Response of Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave Devices: Effect of Viscoelastic Properties and Film Resonance , 1994 .

[34]  B. Menges,et al.  Simultaneous determination of optical and acoustic thicknesses of protein layers using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and quartz crystal microweighing , 2000 .

[35]  Tatsuro Goda,et al.  Interpretation of protein adsorption through its intrinsic electric charges: a comparative study using a field-effect transistor, surface plasmon resonance, and quartz crystal microbalance. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[36]  E. Kretschmann.  Die Bestimmung optischer Konstanten von Metallen durch Anregung von Oberflächenplasmaschwingungen , 1971 .

[37]  Szczepan Zapotoczny,et al.  Structure of bovine serum albumin adsorbed on silica investigated by quartz crystal microbalance , 2016 .

[38]  B. Liedberg,et al.  Principles of biosensing with an extended coupling matrix and surface plasmon resonance , 1993 .

[39]  Futao Kaneko,et al.  Fabrication of a Quartz-Crystal-Microbalance/Surface-Plasmon-Resonance Hybrid Sensor and Its Use for Detection of Polymer Thin-Film Deposition and Evaluation of Moisture Sorption Phenomena , 2012 .

[40]  Fei Xu,et al.  Quartz crystal microbalance with integrated surface plasmon grating coupler. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[41]  P. Mulheran,et al.  Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorption at a Silica Surface Explored by Simulation and Experiment. , 2017, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[42]  P. Brown,et al.  On the distribution of protein refractive index increments. , 2011, Biophysical journal.

[43]  W. Knoll,et al.  Interfaces and thin films as seen by bound electromagnetic waves. , 1998, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[44]  A. Krozer,et al.  QCM-D analysis of the performance of blocking agents on gold and polystyrene surfaces. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[45]  G. Papadakis,et al.  Characterization of DNA–Hv1 histone interactions; discrimination of DNA size and shape , 2010, FEBS letters.

[46]  W. Knoll,et al.  Using Surface Plasmon Resonance and the Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Monitor in Situ the Interfacial Behavior of Thin Organic Films , 2002 .

[47]  George Papadakis,et al.  Development of a combined surface plasmon resonance/surface acoustic wave device for the characterization of biomolecules , 2009 .

[48]  G. L. Harding,et al.  Design and properties of quartz-based Love wave acoustic sensors incorporating silicon dioxide and PMMA guiding layers , 1997 .

[49]  Jun Kondoh,et al.  Parametric study of SH-SAW device response to various types of surface perturbations , 2009 .

[50]  A. Ricco,et al.  Acoustic wave viscosity sensor , 1987 .

[51]  R. Schwarzenbach,et al.  Adsorption of transgenic insecticidal Cry1Ab protein to SiO2. 1. Forces driving adsorption. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[52]  E. Gizeli,et al.  Probing the interaction of a membrane receptor with a surface-attached ligand using whole cells on acoustic biosensors. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[53]  G. Jobst,et al.  Optimized acoustic biochip integrated with microfluidics for biomarkers detection in molecular diagnostics , 2017, Biomedical Microdevices.

[54]  Woo-Sik Kim,et al.  Construction of simultaneous SPR and QCM sensing platform , 2010, Bioprocess and biosystems engineering.

[55]  Glen McHale,et al.  Resonant conditions for Love wave guiding layer thickness , 2001 .

[56]  Adrian C. Stevenson,et al.  A Love plate biosensor utilising a polymer layer , 1992 .

[57]  M. Textor,et al.  Using Complementary Acoustic and Optical Techniques for Quantitative Monitoring of Biomolecular Adsorption at Interfaces , 2012, Biosensors.

[58]  Michael I. Newton,et al.  ST Quartz Acoustic Wave Sensors with Sectional Guiding Layers , 2008, Sensors.

[59]  B. Kasemo,et al.  Variations in coupled water, viscoelastic properties, and film thickness of a Mefp-1 protein film during adsorption and cross-linking: a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, ellipsometry, and surface plasmon resonance study. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[60]  G. Sauerbrey,et al.  Use of quartz vibration for weighing thin films on a microbalance , 1959 .

[61]  L. Norman,et al.  Calibration of a fan-shaped beam surface plasmon resonance instrument for quantitative adsorbed thin film studies—No metal film thickness or optical properties required , 2013 .

[62]  Y. Okahata,et al.  Simultaneous anomalous reflection and quartz-crystal microbalance measurements of protein bindings on a gold surface. , 2007, Chemical communications.

[63]  G. Papadakis,et al.  Acoustic characterization of nanoswitch structures: application to the DNA Holliday Junction. , 2010, Nano letters.

[64]  R. Allen,et al.  Determination of the physical properties of room temperature ionic liquids using a Love wave device. , 2011, Analytical Chemistry.

[65]  G. Papadakis,et al.  On the Hydrodynamic Nature of DNA Acoustic Sensing. , 2016, Analytical chemistry.

[66]  Glen McHale,et al.  Experimental study of Love wave devices with thick guiding layers , 2004 .