A direct code error calibration technique for two-step flash A/D converters

The authors propose a direct code error calibration technique to improve linearities of flash-type analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Simulation results of the proposed calibration algorithm based on a capacitor-array multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) predict that self-calibrating two-step flash ADCs with more than 12 bits of linearity are feasible. >