V Diffractive optics: Electromagnetic approach

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the electromagnetic approach for the diffractive optics. The chapter focuses on the domain of diffractive optics in which rigorous electromagnetic theory is necessary or useful. The chapter describes one approach to rigorous analysis of gratings. The chapter discusses the linear gratings, which employ the first and zeroth diffraction orders. Diffractive elements obtained by modulating these gratings are also discussed in the chapter.. The chapter describes the linear diffraction gratings, which produce two transmitted or reflected orders, the zeroth and (minus) first orders. Together with improved fabrication technology, the use of rigorous theory has pushed diffractive optics beyond the limitations of the paraxial approximation, and therefore significantly broadened its applicability in optical engineering.

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