Study on relieving carriers from liability on loading and discharging

It had been considered that carriers could not relieve the liabilities on loading and discharging under Hague and Hague-Visby rules except costs,until it was disputed by the House of Lords in their ultimate decision on The Jordan Ⅱ in 2004.The author took this opportunity to study this problem for the purpose of reaching a fair and reasonable distinction between carriers and cargo interests by raising a theory of "who controls,who is responsible for" in order to force parties to perform their obligations under the contract in due diligence.