Determination of permethrin and cyfluthrin in water and sediment by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in the negative chemical ionization mode

Abstract Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in the negative chemical ionization mode (GC-NCI-MS) with selected-ion monitoring (SIM) showed both high sensitivity and excellent specificity for permethrin and cyfluthrin. The detection limit for both permethrin and cyfluthrin was 50 fg, whilst a linear response was observed from 50 fg to 80 pg. A sample extraction method using an ultrasonic bath was developed enabling simulataneous processing of multiple samples. Good percentage recoveries of both permethrin and cyfluthrin from spiked sediments were obtained (97.3 ± 4.8% and 93.9 ± 5.3%, respectively) and sample clean-up was avoided. These methods were also successfully applied to samples obtained from a contaminated ecosystem, the highest concentrations recorded in water and sediment samples were 0.048 μg l−1 and 305 μg kg−1, respectively.

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