An analytical model based on G/M/1 with self-similar input to provide end-to-end QoS in 3G networks

The dramatic increase in demand for wireless Internet access has lead to the introduction of new wireless architectures and systems including 3G, Wi-Fi and WiMAX. 3G systems such as UMTS and CDMA2000 are leaning towards an all-IP architecture for transporting IP multimedia services, mainly due to its scalability and promising capability of inter-working heterogeneous wireless access networks. During the last ten years, substantial work has been done to understand the nature of wired IP traffic and it has been proven that IP traffic exhibits self-similar properties and burstiness over a large range of time scales. Recently, because of the large deployment of new wireless architectures, researchers have focused their attention towards understanding the nature of traffic carried by different wireless architecture and early studies have shown that wireless data traffic also exhibits strong long-range dependency. Thus, the classical tele-traffic theory based on a simple Markovian process cannot be used to evaluate the performance of wireless networks. Unfortunately, the area of understanding and modeling of different kinds of wireless traffic is still immature which constitutes a problem since it is crucial to guarantee tight bound QoS parameters to heterogeneous end users of the mobile Internet. In this paper, we make several contributions to the accurate modeling of wireless IP traffic by presenting a novel analytical model that takes into account four different classes of self-similar traffic. The model consists of four queues and is based on a G/M/1 queueing system. We analyze it on the basis of priority with no preemption and find exact packet delays. To date, no closed form expressions have been presented for G/M/1 with priority.

[1]  Samuel Pierre,et al.  UMTS-to-IP QoS mapping for voice and video telephony services , 2005, IEEE Network.

[2]  Armand M. Makowski,et al.  Tail probabilities for a multiplexer with self-similar traffic , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM '96. Conference on Computer Communications.

[3]  A. Molinaro,et al.  Differentiated services QoS issues in next generation radio access network: a new management policy for expedited forwarding per-hop behaviour , 2004, IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004.

[4]  Matthias Grossglauser,et al.  On the relevance of long-range dependence in network traffic , 1996, SIGCOMM '96.

[5]  Lester Lipsky,et al.  Impact of aggregated, self-similar ON/OFF traffic on delay in stationary queueing models (extended version) , 2001, Perform. Evaluation.

[6]  Nader F. Mir,et al.  Simulation of voice over MPLS communication networks , 2002, The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems, 2002. ICCS 2002..

[7]  Ljiljana Trajkovic,et al.  Impact of self-similarity on wireless data network performance , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).

[8]  Azer Bestavros,et al.  Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes , 1996, SIGMETRICS '96.

[9]  Jeong-Hyun Park,et al.  Wireless Internet access for mobile subscribers based on the GPRS/UMTS network , 2002, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[10]  Peter Newman.  In search of the all-IP mobile network , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[11]  Zheng Wang,et al.  An Architecture for Differentiated Services , 1998, RFC.

[12]  Jin Yang,et al.  Migration to all-IP based UMTS networks , 2000 .

[13]  Walter Willinger,et al.  Statistical analysis of CCSN/SS7 traffic data from working CCS subnetworks , 1994, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[14]  Walter Willinger,et al.  Analysis, modeling and generation of self-similar VBR video traffic , 1994, SIGCOMM.

[15]  M. Ça ˘ glar.  A Long-Range Dependent Workload Model for Packet Data Traffic , 2004 .

[16]  Danny De Vleeschauwer,et al.  Designing a diffserv-capable IP-backbone for the UTRAN , 2001 .

[17]  Cheng-Fu Chou,et al.  Low latency and efficient packet scheduling for streaming applications , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577).

[18]  S. Uskela.  All IP architectures for cellular networks , 2001 .

[19]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  Characterizing user behavior and network performance in a public wireless LAN , 2002, SIGMETRICS '02.

[20]  Walter Willinger,et al.  On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic , 1993, SIGCOMM '93.

[21]  Antonio Nucci,et al.  Characterization of Wireless Traffic based on Semi-Experiments , 2005 .

[22]  Antti Toskala,et al.  WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications , 2000 .

[23]  Azer Bestavros,et al.  Explaining World Wide Web Traffic Self-Similarity , 1995 .

[24]  B. Klepec,et al.  Performance of VoIP applications in a simple differentiated services network architecture , 2001, EUROCON'2001. International Conference on Trends in Communications. Technical Program, Proceedings (Cat. No.01EX439).

[25]  William Stallings.  Integrated services architecture: the next-generation internet , 1999, Int. J. Netw. Manag..

[26]  L. Breuer.  Introduction to Stochastic Processes , 2022, Statistical Methods for Climate Scientists.

[27]  Nicolas D. Georganas,et al.  Self-Similar Traffic and Upper Bounds to Buffer-Overflow Probability in an ATM Queue , 1998, Perform. Evaluation.

[28]  Kuok-Shoong Daniel Wong,et al.  Supporting real-time IP multimedia services in UMTS , 2003, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[29]  Joel Cartwright,et al.  Practical experience with TCP over GPRS , 2002, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE.

[30]  Mine Çaglar.  A Long-Range Dependent Workload Model for Packet Data Traffic , 2004, Math. Oper. Res..

[31]  F. Le Faucheur.  IETF Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Architecture , 1998 .

[32]  Sheldon M. Ross,et al.  Introduction to Probability Models, Eighth Edition , 1972 .

[33]  Zafer Sahinoglu,et al.  On multimedia networks: self-similar traffic and network performance , 1999, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[34]  Amarnath Mukherjee,et al.  On resource management and QoS guarantees for long range dependent traffic , 1995, Proceedings of INFOCOM'95.

[35]  Walter Willinger,et al.  A Bibliographical Guide to Self-Similar Traffic and Performance Modeling for Modern High-Speed Netwo , 1996 .

[36]  Péter Benkö,et al.  A large-scale, passive analysis of end-to-end TCP performance over GPRS , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[37]  Ilkka Norros,et al.  On the Use of Fractional Brownian Motion in the Theory of Connectionless Networks , 1995, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[38]  Sheldon M. Ross,et al.  Introduction to probability models , 1975 .

[39]  Iakovos S. Venieris,et al.  End-to-end quality of service issues over next generation mobile Internet , 2000, IEEE Benelux Chapter on Vehicular Technology and Communications. Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology. SCVT-2000. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX465).

[40]  Ilkka Norros,et al.  A storage model with self-similar input , 1994, Queueing Syst. Theory Appl..

[41]  Desmond P. Taylor,et al.  On the SelfSimilar Nature of Ethernet Traffic (Extended Version) , 2007 .

[42]  Vern Paxson,et al.  Empirically derived analytic models of wide-area TCP connections , 1994, TNET.

[43]  Salil S. Kanhere,et al.  Fair, efficient and low-latency packet scheduling using nested deficit round robin , 2001, 2001 IEEE Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8552).

[44]  Hooi Miin Soo,et al.  Analysis of nonpreemptive priority queueing of MPLS networks with bulk arrivals , 2002, The 2002 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2002. MWSCAS-2002..

[45]  Weihua Zhuang,et al.  Efficient resource allocation for China's 3G/4G wireless networks , 2005, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[46]  Zhi-Li Zhang,et al.  Small-time scaling behaviors of Internet backbone traffic: an empirical study , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[47]  Songwu Lu,et al.  Characterizing flows in large wireless data networks , 2004, MobiCom '04.

[48]  Moshe Zukerman,et al.  Analytical performance evaluation of a two class DiffServ link , 2002, The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems, 2002. ICCS 2002..

[49]  David Schwab,et al.  Characterising the use of a campus wireless network , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[50]  I. Kaj.  Limiting Fractal Random Processes in Heavy-Tailed Systems , 2005 .

[51]  David L. Black,et al.  An Architecture for Differentiated Service , 1998 .

[52]  Sally Floyd,et al.  Wide-Area Traffic: The Failure of Poisson Modeling , 1994, SIGCOMM.

[53]  Kishor S. Trivedi.  Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications , 1984 .

[54]  Sally Floyd,et al.  Wide-area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling , 1994 .

[55]  Matthias Grossglauser,et al.  On the relevance of long-range dependence in network traffic , 1996, SIGCOMM 1996.