Liquid-Phase Methanol Synthesis: Catalysts, Mechanism, Kinetics, Chemical Equilibria, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria, and Modeling—A Review

Abstract Methanol is one of the basic chemicals which is manufactured at an annual rate of over 10 million tons. Plant capacity for methanol rises and can be greatly increased eventually when using methanol as a fuel. One of the potential future uses of methanol is as a peaking fuel in coal gasification combined cycle power stations (e.g., in integrated gasification combined cycle, IGCC). In this application, methanol would be produced from the CO-rich gas during periods of low power demand. This methanol would be burned, if necessary, as an auxiliary fuel in combined-cycles gas turbines during periods of peak power demand. Methanol is a clean-burning fuel with versatile applications. As a combustion fuel, it provides extremely low emissions. Methanol can also be used as a primary transportation fuel or a fuel additive.

[1]  K. R. Westerterp,et al.  Binary vapour—liquid equilibria of methanol with sulfolane. Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 18-crown-6 = Phasengleichgewichte in binären systemen von Methanol mit Sulfolan, Tetraethylenglycoldimethylether und 18-krone-6 Kronenether , 1986 .

[2]  Sunggyu Lee,et al.  Methanol Synthesis Technology , 1989 .

[3]  B. Lee,et al.  Post-reduction treatment of liquid phase methanol synthesis catalyst using carbon dioxide , 1991 .

[4]  G. D. Piero,et al.  Catalysts for low-temperature methanol synthesis. II: Catalytic behavior of Cu/Zn/Al mixed oxides , 1985 .

[5]  B. Delmon,et al.  PREPARATION OF CATALYSTS IV , 1987 .

[6]  A. Foos,et al.  Crystal size growth in the liquid phase methanol synthesis catalyst , 1988 .

[7]  T. H. Hsiung,et al.  Deactivation of methanol synthesis catalysts , 1993 .

[8]  V. R. Parameswaran,et al.  In-situ reduction of a methanol synthesis catalyst in a three-phase slurry reactor , 1987 .

[9]  J. Villadsen,et al.  The Activity of Coprecipitated Cu, Zn Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis , 1987 .

[10]  Yatish T. Shah,et al.  Comparison of gas and liquid phase methanol synthesis processes , 1988 .

[11]  Bengt Andersson,et al.  Liquid-phase methanol synthesis: modelling of a monolithic reactor , 1993 .

[12]  J. Berty,et al.  Continuous operation of the Berty reactor for the solvent methanol process , 1991 .

[13]  J. J. Lewnard,et al.  Temperature Effects on Catalyst Activity in the Liquid Phase Methanol Process , 1988 .

[14]  W. Earl,et al.  Deactivation of ICI low temperature methanol catalyst in an industrial reactor , 1990 .

[15]  D. M. Brown,et al.  Single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether in a slurry reactor , 1990 .

[16]  Sunggyu Lee,et al.  Multicomponent physical equilibrium of liquid-phase methanol synthesis , 1987 .

[17]  Makarand R. Gogate,et al.  A novel single-step dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis in a three-phase slurry reactor from co-rich syngas , 1992 .

[18]  M. E. Frank.  Liquid Phase Methanol LaPorte Process Development Unit: Modification, operation, and support studies , 1991 .

[19]  B. Lee,et al.  REGENERATION OF LIQUID PHASE METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYST , 1991 .

[20]  K. C. Waugh,et al.  Synthesis of Methanol , 1988 .

[21]  Timothy Christopher Golden,et al.  Adsorptive Removal of Catalyst Poisons from Coal Gas for Methanol Synthesis , 1991 .

[22]  Timothy Christopher Golden,et al.  Removal of trace iron and nickel carbonyls by adsorption , 1991 .

[23]  V. R. Parameswaran,et al.  THE ROLES OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN METHANOL SYNTHESIS , 1989 .

[24]  H. Itoh,et al.  Liquid phase methanol synthesis on copper and zinc ultrafine particles prepared by gas evaporation method. , 1989 .

[25]  Pierre Galtier,et al.  Modeling of methanol synthesis in a 3-phase fixed-bed reactor , 1986 .

[26]  J. Berty,et al.  SIMULATION OF A THREE PHASE REACTOR FOR THE SOLVENT METHANOL PROCESS , 1991 .

[27]  Sunggyu Lee,et al.  MINI-PILOT PLANT DESIGN AMD OPERATION OF A LIQUID ENTRAINED REACTOR FOR LIQUID PHASE METHANOL SYNTHESIS PROCESS , 1993 .

[28]  Eize Stamhuis,et al.  Kinetics of the three phase methanol synthesis , 1988 .

[29]  Sunggyu Lee,et al.  KINETICS OF METHANOL SYNTHESIS IN THE SLURRY PHASE , 1993 .

[30]  J. Berty,et al.  BINARY AND MULTICOMPONENT VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF SYNTHESIS GAS COMPONENTS, METHANOL AND WATER WITH TETRA ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER (TETRAGLYME) , 1991 .

[31]  R. L. Mednick,et al.  Progress in the Laporte LPMEOH PDU project , 1986 .

[32]  Richard G. Herman,et al.  Catalytic synthesis of methanol from COH2: I. Phase composition, electronic properties, and activities of the Cu/ZnO/M2O3 catalysts , 1979 .

[33]  V. R. Parameswaran,et al.  THE ROLE OF WATER IN METHANOL SYNTHESIS , 1989 .

[34]  Sunggyu Lee,et al.  THERMAL STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE LIQUID PHASE METHANOL SYNTHESIS REACTOR , 1992 .

[35]  T. H. Hsiung,et al.  Catalyst poisoning during the synthesis of methanol in a slurry reactor , 1990 .

[36]  V. R. Parameswaran,et al.  MASS TRANSFER IN THE LIQUID PHASE METHANOL SYNTHESIS PROCESS , 1991 .

[37]  Wolf-Dieter Deckwer,et al.  Kinetics of methanol synthesis in the slurry phase , 1988 .

[38]  Liquid phase methanol synthesis: Comparison between trickle-bed and bubble column slurry reactors , 1991 .

[39]  Sunggyu Lee,et al.  MODELING OF A LIQUID ENTRAINED REACTOR FOR LIQUID PHASE METHANOL SYNTHESIS PROCESS , 1992 .

[40]  Sunggyu Lee,et al.  PHASES IN THE ACTIVE LIQUID PHASE METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYST , 1988 .

[41]  K. Westerterp,et al.  A model for a countercurrent gas−solid−solid trickle flow reactor for equilibrium reactions. The methanol synthesis , 1987 .

[42]  M. Fenske,et al.  Catalysts for the Formation of Alcohols from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen: II—Synthesis of Methanol with Catalysts Composed of Copper and Zinc1 , 1928 .

[43]  Rayford G. Anthony,et al.  Methanol synthesis in a trickle-bed reactor , 1990 .

[44]  E. Stamhuis,et al.  Kinetics of low-pressure methanol synthesis , 1988 .

[45]  A. Beenackers,et al.  Gas-liquid solubilities of the methanol synthesis components in various solvents , 1992 .

[46]  G. Pleizier,et al.  Methanol synthesis from CO2+H2. I: Characterization of catalysts by TPD , 1985 .

[47]  Mauro Graziani,et al.  Fundamental Research in Homogeneous Catalysis , 1977 .

[48]  Stanisław Ledakowicz,et al.  Methanol synthesis in bubble column slurry reactors , 1992 .

[49]  I. B. Dybkjær,et al.  Design of Ammonia and Methanol Synthesis Reactors , 1986 .

[50]  M. Oba,et al.  Copper oxide-zinc oxide-alumina catalyst: The structure of a copper oxide-zinc oxide-alumina catalyst for methanol synthesis , 1978 .