INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMOBILE-RESTRICTIVE MEASURES. PART 2: TRAFFIC RESTRAINTS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA

Implementation experience with five different transportation system management measures in the San Francisco Bay Area is examined: neighborhood traffic restrictions, road and congestion pricing, toll increases, parking management, and ramp metering. The conclusions are that proposals to restrain automobile use have had little success when proposed by planning agencies, but when implemented at the initiative of local government, they have gained substantial (if not unanimous) acceptance. Although automobile-restraint measures may have adverse differential community impacts, it should not be assumed that automobile restraints are always unacceptable to the public and that it will not be possible to develop the community support necessary to succeed. (Author)