Actividad física y rendimiento académico en la infancia y la preadolescencia: una revisión sistemática

La practica de actividad fisica constituye un medio esencial en la mejora de la salud fisica y mental. Su influencia en diversos aspectos cognitivos como la atencion, memoria o concentracion ha sido ampliamente estudiada, pudiendo guardar una estrecha relacion con el rendimiento academico. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en la realizacion de una revision sistematica sobre la relacion existente entre practica de actividad fisica y rendimiento academico en escolares. Se emplea como principal motor de busqueda el repositorio Web of Science (WOS), empleando como criterio la seleccion de estudios de tipo longitudinal y experimental publicados en los ultimos cinco anos. Se obtuvo una muestra total de 23 trabajos de investigacion, en los cuales se aplicaron programas de intervencion basados en ejercicio fisico para la mejora del rendimiento academico o parametros relacionados. Como principales hallazgos, se ha podido observar la necesidad de prescribir actividad fisica o ejercicio fisico con unos parametros de volumen e intensidad adecuados, pues una carga insuficiente no se relaciona con el rendimiento academico y/o cognitivo. Asimismo, las tareas de motricidad gruesa y los deportes en equipo resultan mas eficaces al implicar mayores demandas cognitivas. Las areas de matematicas y pensamiento logico fueron las mas beneficiadas.

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