Scaling Methods Applied to Thoracic Force Displacement Characteristics Derived from Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for children and adults for every year of age from 3 to 36 years in the United States. Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) and computer models are key tools for evaluating the performance of motor vehicle safety systems, yet current data available for the validation of pediatric ATDs and computer models are derived from adult data through scaling or from sparse PMHS experiments. Recent measurement of large datasets of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on children and adults provides valuable information for validating the aforementioned models. Thus, the objective of this work was to: a) evaluate the changes in the elastic force-displacement properties of the chest across the pediatric and young adult age range, and b) apply three published methods to estimate the composite modulus of the chest and scale the elastic force-displacement properties of the 8 to 10 year old to the 6 year old. In general, the data show a gradient of increasing stiffness (i.e. higher force at any given displacement) with age. CPR subjects in the 20 to 22 year old and 17 to 19 year old age ranges showed similar force-displacement behavior as did subjects in the 11 to 13 and 14 to 16 year old age ranges. The scaled elastic force-displacement curves for the 6 year old were quite similar for the femur and skull based modulus, but the CPR based curve was lower in stiffness. Elastic force-displacement properties for chests of subjects 8 to 22 years old are provided, along with similar data for 6 year old subject scaled from 8 to 10 year old subjects. These data are useful for validation of ATDs and computer models of the human pediatric chest.

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