Low-voltage and broadband Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ modulators operating in the millimeter wavelength region

Summary form only given. In conclusion we have developed ridged Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulators with thin buffer layers and thick coplanar waveguide (CPW) electrodes. We demonstrated that a low-voltage-type-module has a drive voltage of 3.3 V with bandwidth of 45 GHz and a broadband type-module has a bandwidth of >100 GHz with drive voltage of 5.1 V.