Development and Evaluation of Advanced Image Analysis Techniques for Pediatric Deep Vein Thrombosis Imaging Scans

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition, which results from atherosclerosis and the possible formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein leading to obstruction of blood flow. DVT is considered a major cardiovascular health risk and its early detection is considered crucial to patient survival and well-being. The present work describes the development and evaluation of two image analysis techniques for the identification of DVT in children. The first technique is based on entropy thresholding and the second on active contours. The robustness and sensitivity of these techniques have been evaluated both quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Towards that purpose error parameters were calculated using phantom and real patient images. The usefulness of our techniques was evaluated by specialist radiologists. The suggested algorithms were developed with the Matlab® simulation environment. Thus the present work has been implemented towards the improvement of pediatric patients' well-being and at the same time achieve early DVT prognosis.

[1]  S. O’Brien,et al.  Factors associated with thrombosis in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus , 2016, Lupus.

[2]  Andrew K. C. Wong,et al.  A new method for gray-level picture thresholding using the entropy of the histogram , 1985, Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process..

[3]  H. Tamim,et al.  Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis during childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy: Risk factors and management , 2017, Pediatric blood & cancer.

[4]  K. Bailey,et al.  Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Incidence and VTE-Associated Survival among Olmsted County Residents of Local Nursing Homes , 2018, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[5]  P. Stein,et al.  Incidence of venous thromboembolism in infants and children: data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. , 2004, The Journal of pediatrics.

[6]  S. Revel-Vilk,et al.  Thromboembolic diseases of childhood. , 2003, Blood reviews.

[7]  Paurush Ambesh,et al.  Venous Thromboembolism and Cancer , 2018, Current Cardiology Reports.

[8]  E. Fonkalsrud.  Postinfusion Phlebitis in Infants and Children , 1969, Clinical pediatrics.

[9]  J. Thiran,et al.  Identification of the optic disk boundary in retinal images using active contours , 1999 .

[10]  X Marchandise,et al.  Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with spiral CT: comparison with pulmonary angiography and scintigraphy. , 1996, Radiology.

[11]  W. Coon.  Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism , 1977, Annals of surgery.

[12]  L. Zionts,et al.  Deep-vein thrombosis in children following trauma. A report of two cases. , 1983, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[13]  T. Biss.  Venous Thromboembolism in Children: Is It Preventable? , 2016, Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.

[14]  L. Kawan,et al.  Venous thrombosis in children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma in Sweden. , 2017, Thrombosis research.

[15]  M. Andrew,et al.  Venous thromboembolic complications in children. , 1993, The Journal of pediatrics.

[16]  Laurent D. Cohen,et al.  Finite-Element Methods for Active Contour Models and Balloons for 2-D and 3-D Images , 1993, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[17]  M. Debakey,et al.  Thrombo-embolism in children; analysis of 35 cases. , 1951, Annals of surgery.

[18]  T. Celkan,et al.  Thrombosis in children: Which test to whom, when and how much necessary? , 2018, Turk pediatri arsivi.

[19]  D. Lomas,et al.  CT demonstration of acute and chronic iliofemoral thrombosis. , 1991, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[20]  J. Kapelushnik,et al.  The association between otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis and thrombophilia - A long-term follow-up. , 2018, American journal of otolaryngology.

[21]  M. Bonduel,et al.  Prothrombotic abnormalities in children with venous thromboembolism. , 2000, Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology.

[22]  C. Martinez,et al.  Incidence and risk factors of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension following venous thromboembolism, a population-based cohort study in England , 2018, Pulmonary circulation.

[23]  U. Nowak‐Göttl,et al.  Inherited Thrombophilia in Pediatric Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Why and Who to Test , 2017, Front. Pediatr..

[24]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Snakes: Active contour models , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[25]  N. Langlois,et al.  Pilot trials in thrombosis: Purpose and pitfalls , 2018, Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis.

[26]  H. Narchi,et al.  Significance of platelet count in children admitted with bronchiolitis , 2017, World journal of clinical pediatrics.

[27]  Milan Sonka,et al.  Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision , 1993, Springer US.