Electromagnetic methods for thermal therapy monitoring and assessment

The desire for noninvasive monitoring of thermal therapy is readily apparent given its intent to be a minimally-invasive form of treatment. Electromagnetic properties of tissue vary with temperature; hence, the opportunity exists to exploit these variations as a means of following thermally-based therapeutic interventions. The review describes progress in electrical impedance tomography and active microwave imaging towards the realization of noninvasive temperature estimation. Examples are drawn from the author's experiences with these technologies in order to illustrate the principles and practices associated with electromagnetic imaging in the therapy monitoring context.

[1]  A Hartov,et al.  Electrical impedance imaging at multiple frequencies in phantoms , 2000, Physiological measurement.

[2]  Keith D. Paulsen,et al.  A multichannel continuously selectable multifrequency electrical impedance spectroscopy measurement system , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[3]  Paul M. Meaney,et al.  Nonactive antenna compensation for fixed-array microwave imaging. I. Model development , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[4]  Paul M. Meaney,et al.  Nonactive antenna compensation for fixed-array microwave imaging. II. Imaging results , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[5]  K Paulsen,et al.  Non-invasive thermal assessment of tissue phantoms using an active near field microwave imaging technique. , 1998, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[6]  Jordi J. Mallorquí,et al.  Convergence and stability assessment of Newton-Kantorovich reconstruction algorithms for microwave tomography , 1998, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[7]  Ann Franchois,et al.  Quantitative microwave imaging with a 2.45-GHz planar microwave camera , 1998, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[8]  E. Yu,et al.  Infrared Imaging of the Breast: Initial Reappraisal Using High‐Resolution Digital Technology in 100 Successive Cases of Stage I and II Breast Cancer , 1998, The breast journal.

[9]  Paul M. Meaney,et al.  Toward a clinical implementation of a noninvasive microwave imaging system for temperature monitoring , 1998, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[10]  Robert H. Svenson,et al.  Microwave tomography: theoretical and experimental investigation of the iteration reconstruction algorithm , 1998 .

[11]  A Adler,et al.  Monitoring changes in lung air and liquid volumes with electrical impedance tomography. , 1997, Journal of applied physiology.

[12]  C. Pichot,et al.  Microwave imaging-complex permittivity reconstruction with a Levenberg-Marquardt method , 1997 .

[13]  R. Elliott,et al.  Thermography. Its relation to pathologic characteristics, vascularity, proliferation rate, and survival of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. , 1997, Cancer.

[14]  K D Paulsen,et al.  An enhanced electrical impedance imaging algorithm for hyperthermia applications. , 1997, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[15]  R. W. Lau,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[16]  C Gabriel,et al.  The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. , 1996, Physics in medicine and biology.

[17]  S.Y. Semenov,et al.  Microwave tomography: two-dimensional system for biological imaging , 1996, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[18]  D. Mcrae,et al.  Deconvolved electrical impedance spectra track distinct cell morphology changes , 1996, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[19]  S. Sengupta,et al.  Thermography: Its relation to pathologic characteristics, vascularity, proliferation rate, and survival of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast , 1996, Cancer.

[20]  J. Newell,et al.  Assessment of acute pulmonary edema in dogs by electrical impedance imaging , 1996, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[21]  K D Paulsen,et al.  Initial in vivo experience with EIT as a thermal estimator during hyperthermia. , 1996, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[22]  P.M. Meaney,et al.  An active microwave imaging system for reconstruction of 2-D electrical property distributions , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[23]  G.J. Saulnier,et al.  A real-time electrical impedance tomograph , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[24]  B H Brown,et al.  Measured and expected Cole parameters from electrical impedance tomographic spectroscopy images of the human thorax. , 1995, Physiological measurement.

[25]  C.S. Koukourlis,et al.  A 32-electrode data collection system for electrical impedance tomography , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[26]  K. Paulsen,et al.  Two-dimensional hybrid element image reconstruction for TM illumination , 1995 .

[27]  M. Pastorino,et al.  On the use of regularization techniques in numerical inverse-scattering solutions for microwave imaging applications , 1995 .

[28]  B.H. Brown,et al.  A real-time electrical impedance tomography system for clinical use-design and preliminary results , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[29]  Matteo Pastorino,et al.  A Gibbs random field-based active electromagnetic method for noninvasive diagnostics in biomedical applications , 1995 .

[30]  K D Paulsen,et al.  Clinical implementation of electrical impedance tomography with hyperthermia. , 1995, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[31]  D C Barber,et al.  Image reconstruction using non-adjacent drive configurations (electric impedance tomography) , 1994 .

[32]  D C Barber,et al.  Image reconstruction using non-adjacent drive configurations. , 1994, Physiological measurement.

[33]  R H Smallwood,et al.  Multi-frequency imaging and modelling of respiratory related electrical impedance changes. , 1994, Physiological measurement.

[34]  Matteo Pastorino,et al.  Microwave imaging based on a Markov random field model , 1994 .

[35]  T P Ryan,et al.  Temperature field estimation using electrical impedance profiling methods. I. Reconstruction algorithm and simulated results. , 1994, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[36]  K D Paulsen,et al.  Temperature field estimation using electrical impedance profiling methods. II. Experimental system description and phantom results. , 1994, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[37]  G.J. Saulnier,et al.  ACT3: a high-speed, high-precision electrical impedance tomograph , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[38]  T. Holden,et al.  Non-Invasive Temperature Measurements by Neutron Diffraction in Aero-Engine Components , 1994 .

[39]  David Barber,et al.  High frequency EIT data collection and parametric imaging , 1994 .

[40]  J. Fabre,et al.  Non-invasive microwave multifrequency radiometry used in microwave hyperthermia for bidimensional reconstruction of temperature patterns. , 1993, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[41]  Piero Tognolatti,et al.  Temperature Reconstructions in a Dielectric Cylinder by Multi-Frequency Microwave Radiometry , 1993 .

[42]  Matteo Pastorino,et al.  Reconstruction of dielectric permittivity distributions in arbitrary 2-D inhomogeneous biological bodies by a multiview microwave numerical method , 1993, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[43]  Lluis Jofre,et al.  Planar and cylindrical active microwave temperature imaging: numerical simulations , 1992, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[44]  Jordi Joan Mallorquí Franquet,et al.  Non-invasive active thermometry with a microwave tomographic scanner in hyperthermia treatments in hyperthermia treatments , 1992 .

[45]  K. Lindström,et al.  Quantitative assessment of impedance tomography for temperature measurements in hyperthermia. , 1992, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[46]  S. Mizushina,et al.  Non-invasive thermometry with multi-frequency microwave radiometry. , 1992, Frontiers of medical and biological engineering : the international journal of the Japan Society of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering.

[47]  G. V. van Rhoon,et al.  Electrical impedance tomography: prospects for non-invasive control of deep hyperthermia treatments. , 1992, Frontiers of medical and biological engineering : the international journal of the Japan Society of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering.

[48]  C. Pichot,et al.  Inverse scattering: an iterative numerical method for electromagnetic imaging , 1991 .

[49]  C. Boulay,et al.  An experimental study in electrical impedance tomography using backprojection reconstruction , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[50]  Matteo Pastorino,et al.  A multiview microwave imaging system for two-dimensional penetrable objects , 1991 .

[51]  L. Jofre,et al.  Cylindrical geometry: a further step in active microwave tomography , 1991 .

[52]  Antonio Elias Fusté,et al.  Cylindrical geometry: a further step in active microwave tomography , 1991 .

[53]  Ch. Pichot,et al.  Planar microwave imaging camera for biomedical applications: Critical and prospective analysis of reconstruction algorithms , 1991 .

[54]  E. Isaacson,et al.  Exact solutions to a linearized inverse boundary value problem , 1990 .

[55]  David Isaacson,et al.  NOSER: An algorithm for solving the inverse conductivity problem , 1990, Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol..

[56]  L. Jofre,et al.  Medical imaging with a microwave tomographic scanner , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[57]  Michael Vogelius,et al.  A backprojection algorithm for electrical impedance imaging , 1990 .

[58]  Francis A. Duck,et al.  Physical properties of tissue : a comprehensive reference book , 1990 .

[59]  M. Chivé.  Use of Microwave Radiometry for Hyperthermia Monitoring and as a Basis for Thermal Dosimetry , 1990 .

[60]  J.-C. Bolomey,et al.  Recent European developments in active microwave imaging for industrial, scientific, and medical applications , 1989 .

[61]  D C Barber,et al.  A sensitivity method for electrical impedance tomography. , 1989, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[62]  D. Isaacson,et al.  Electrode models for electric current computed tomography , 1989, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[63]  B. Brown,et al.  Applied potential tomography. , 1989, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society.

[64]  D C Barber,et al.  Possibilities and problems of real-time imaging of tissue resistivity. , 1988, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[65]  W J Tompkins,et al.  A regularised electrical impedance tomography reconstruction algorithm. , 1988, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[66]  B H Brown,et al.  Errors in reconstruction of resistivity images using a linear reconstruction technique. , 1988, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[67]  J.C. Newell,et al.  An electric current tomograph , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[68]  R. Pethig,et al.  Dielectric properties of body tissues. , 1987, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[69]  H. Griffiths,et al.  Applied potential tomography for non-invasive temperature mapping in hyperthermia. , 1987, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[70]  B H Brown,et al.  The Sheffield data collection system. , 1987, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[71]  D C Barber,et al.  Fast reconstruction of resistance images. , 1987, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[72]  J. Conway.  Electrical impedance tomography for thermal monitoring of hyperthermia treatment: an assessment using in vitro and in vivo measurements. , 1987, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[73]  Willis J. Tompkins,et al.  Comparing Reconstruction Algorithms for Electrical Impedance Tomography , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[74]  G. Giaux,et al.  A new method for thermal dosimetry in microwave hyperthermia using microwave radiometry for temperature control. , 1987, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[75]  D C Barber,et al.  Electrical impedance imaging , 1987 .

[76]  L. E. Larsen,et al.  Medical Applications of Microwave Imaging , 1986 .

[77]  D. Isaacson.  Distinguishability of Conductivities by Electric Current Computed Tomography , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[78]  James C. Lin,et al.  Frequency optimization for microwave imaging of biological tissues , 1985, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[79]  R. Pethig.  Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials: Biophysical and Medical Applications , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation.

[80]  Brian H. Brown,et al.  Imaging spatial distributions of resistivity using applied potential tomography , 1983 .

[81]  L. Jofre,et al.  On the Possible Use of Microwave-Active Imaging for Remote Thermal Sensing , 1983 .

[82]  L. Jofre,et al.  Microwave Diffraction Tomography for Biomedical Applications , 1982 .

[83]  C. Durney,et al.  On the sensitivity and the resolution of microwave imaging using ART , 1981, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[84]  C. Durney,et al.  On the electromagnetic imaging using linear reconstruction techniques , 1980, Proceedings of the IEEE.