Lower Respiratory Tract Structure of Laboratory Animals and Humans: Dosimetry Implications

Significant differences in lower respiratory tract structure exist both within species and among species at each level of anatomy. Irregular dichotomous and trichotomous branching patterns of airways are present in human and nonhuman primate lungs. In contrast, the dog and common laboratory rodents exhibit a predominantly monopodial branching system. The effects of these various branching patterns on airflow distribution, gas uptake, and the deposition of particles have not been sufficiently studied to determine the extent to which branching patterns impart regional inhomogeneities or local variations in the deposition of inhaled material. To date, detailed morphometric data have not been used to examine aerosol particle deposition. We have been using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to examine various aspects of lung structure. Studies vary from the reconstruction of individual cells to reconstructing conducting airway and alveolar duct branching systems. When using physical models for dosimet...

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