In Vitro Selection of High Phenolic and Rosmarinic Acid Clonal Lines of Oregano

ABSTRACT Oregano, Origanum vulgare, is a source of essential oils and phenolic metabolites, such as rosmarinic acid, which exhibits anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activity. This suggests that the plant material could be useful in food preservation, and in nutraceutical and cosmetic applications. Due to natural cross-pollination, however, oregano has substantial plant-to-plant variation and therefore a considerable genetic inconsistency in the type and level of phytochemicals produced. In this study, clonal lines developed from a population of heterozygous seeds using tissue culture were screened for desirable traits (multiple shoot formation and enhanced biomass, and rosmarinic acid and phenolic acid production) based on tolerance of the clonal lines to Pseudomonas and azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C). Of the 20 clonal lines isolated, two over-expressed phenolic acids in response to both Pseudomonas and A2C.

[1]  L. Craker,et al.  Stimulation of High Biomass, Rosmarinic Acid, and Total Phenolics in Tissue Cultures of Pennyroyal in Response to Pseudomonas mucidolens , 2005 .

[2]  S. Dwivedi,et al.  Potential use of the essential oil ofTrachyspermum ammi against seed-borne fungi of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (Taub.)) , 1993, Mycopathologia.

[3]  B. Ellis,et al.  Induction of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures by yeast extract , 1992, Plant Cell Reports.

[4]  J. Dodds,et al.  The effect of phosphate, nitrogen and sucrose on the production of phenolics and solasodine in callus cultures of solanum laciniatum , 1983, Plant Cell Reports.

[5]  L. Craker,et al.  Tissue Culture Selection for Phenolics and Rosmarinic Acid in Thyme , 2001 .

[6]  R. Korus,et al.  Tissue culture based screening for selection of high biomass and phenolic producing clonal lines of lavender using pseudomonas and azetidine-2-carboxylate. , 1999, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[7]  R. Korus,et al.  Screening of high biomass and phenolic producing clonal lines of spearmint in tissue culture using pseudomonas and azetidine‐2 carboxylate. , 1999 .

[8]  K. Shetty,et al.  A model for involvement of proline during pseudomonas‐meaiated stimulation of rosmarinic acid levels in oregano shoot clones , 1999 .

[9]  K. Shetty,et al.  Prevention of hyperhydricity in oregano shoot cultures is sustained through multiple subcultures by selected polysaccharide-producing soil bacteria without re-inoculation , 1998, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[10]  K. Shetty,et al.  Biotechnology to harness the benefits of dietary phenolics; focus on Lamiaceae. , 1997, Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition.

[11]  Ronghui Yang,et al.  Tissue culture‐based Selection of high rosmarinic acid producing clones of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Using Pseudomonas Strain F. , 1997 .

[12]  K. Shetty,et al.  Interaction of hyperhydricity-preventing Pseudomonas sp. with oregano (Origanum vulgare) and selection of high phenolics and rosmarinic acid-producing clonal lines , 1996 .

[13]  R. Levin,et al.  Specific interaction of mucoid strains of Pseudomonas spp. with oregano (Origanum vulgare) clones and the relationship to prevention of hyperhydricity in tissue culture , 1996 .

[14]  Grete Bertelsen,et al.  Spices as antioxidants , 1995 .

[15]  R. Dixon,et al.  Stress-Induced Phenylpropanoid Metabolism. , 1995, The Plant cell.

[16]  M. Tsimidou,et al.  Evaluation of oregano antioxidant activity in mackerel oil , 1995 .

[17]  R. Levin,et al.  Prevention of Vitrification Aßociated with in vitro Shoot Culture of Oregano. (Origanum vulgare) by Pseudomonas spp. , 1995 .

[18]  J. Zapata,et al.  Spectrophotometric determination of rosmarinic acid in plant cell cultures by complexation with Fe2+ ions , 1995 .

[19]  S. Deans,et al.  The chemical fate of the endogenous plant antioxidants carvacrol and thymol during oxidative stress , 1994 .

[20]  B. C. Scott,et al.  Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol. , 1994, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[21]  C. Tzia,et al.  Oregano flavonoids as lipid antioxidants , 1993 .

[22]  S. Deans,et al.  Identification by epr spectroscopy of carvacrol and thymol as the major sources of free radicals in the oxidation of plant essential oils , 1993 .

[23]  V. Oreopoulou,et al.  Antioxidant activity of some plant extracts of the family labiatae , 1991 .

[24]  T. Hartmann,et al.  Induction of rosmarinic acid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Orthosiphon aristatus after treatment with yeast extract , 1991 .

[25]  R. Scholler,et al.  Experimental control of the differentiation of Leydig cells in the rat fetal testis. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  B. Halliwell.  Photosynthesis Energy Transduction , 1986 .

[27]  J. Phang.  The regulatory functions of proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid. , 1985, Current topics in cellular regulation.

[28]  F. Skoog,et al.  A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures , 1962 .