Exploring indicators of engagement: applications for gamification of online training systems

In recent years, gamification is being used in business organization for an increased employee engagement in the work place. However, less has been said about engagement of employees in online training to learn new skills and knowledge that may help or improve status quo in the organization. This paper explores the engagement indicators and game elements that may foster employee engagement in online training. The study employs an iterative step-by-step methodology that is used in information technology for the development of artefacts. As a result, a framework to implement the gamification technique in online training is proposed. The framework consists of a gamification construct that contains a set of commonly used game elements such as points, levels, challenges, rewards, competition, progress bar, leaderboard, badges, and feedback. The framework also contains three engagement dimensions including behavioural, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. To achieve the main objective of the study, an iterative process used by information technology researchers to develop new artefacts and their constructs is employed. As for the formulation of the hypothesis, for the evaluation of gamification’s influence on employee engagement when attending an online training, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is employed.

[1]  Karim Sehaba,et al.  Defining Engagement and Characterizing Engaged-Behaviors in Digital Gaming , 2014 .

[2]  Ig Ibert Bittencourt,et al.  A gamified peer assessment model for on-line learning environments in a competitive context , 2016, Computers in Human Behavior.

[3]  Firas Layth Khaleel,et al.  Smart Application Criterion based on Motivation of Obese People , 2019, 2019 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI).

[4]  Hao Li,et al.  Student Engagement in Online Learning: A Review , 2017, 2017 International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET).

[5]  Andrija Bernik,et al.  Gamification in E-Learning: Introducing Gamified Design Elements into E-Learning Systems , 2015, J. Comput. Sci..

[6]  A. Hegazy,et al.  FRAMEWORK FOR GAMIFICATION BASED E-LEARNING SYSTEMS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN EGYPT , 2017 .

[7]  D. Dicheva,et al.  Gamifying education: what is known, what is believed and what remains uncertain: a critical review , 2017, International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education.

[8]  Israa Al Barazanchi,et al.  Web Services Architecture Model to Support Distributed Systems , 2019 .

[9]  Patrick Buckley,et al.  Gamification and student motivation , 2016, Interact. Learn. Environ..

[10]  I. Mayer,et al.  Gamification of production and logistics operations: Status quo and future directions , 2018 .

[11]  Antonio García-Cabot,et al.  Social network analysis of a gamified e-learning course: Small-world phenomenon and network metrics as predictors of academic performance , 2016, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[12]  Alex Sandro Gomes,et al.  Effectiveness of gamification in the engagement of students , 2016, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[13]  Fred D. Davis,et al.  User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models , 1989 .

[14]  Xiaojuan Ma,et al.  Developing a Comprehensive Engagement Framework of Gamification for Reflective Learning , 2016, Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.

[15]  Peter Mozelius,et al.  Visualisation and Gamification of e-Learning and Programming Education. , 2015 .

[16]  Gustavo Fortes Tondello,et al.  A Theory of Gamification Principles Through Goal-Setting Theory , 2018, HICSS.

[17]  Alex A. Volinsky,et al.  Study of Gamification Effectiveness in Online e-Learning Systems , 2015 .

[18]  Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook,et al.  The Challenge of Increasing Student Engagement in E-Learning Platforms , 2019, 2019 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI).

[19]  Marina Krcmar,et al.  Conceptualizing Media Enjoyment as Attitude: Implications for Mass Media Effects Research , 2004 .

[20]  Seba Aziz Sahy,et al.  Database techniques for resilient network monitoring and inspection , 2020 .

[21]  Yoon Sang Kim,et al.  The Contribution of Gamification on User Engagement in Fully Online Course , 2015 .

[22]  Isabela Gasparini,et al.  Gamification in e-Learning Systems: A Conceptual Model to Engage Students and Its Application in an Adaptive e-Learning System , 2015, HCI.

[23]  Ghassan Beydoun,et al.  Metamodelling Approach To Support Disaster Management Knowledge Sharing , 2010 .

[24]  Muesser Nat,et al.  Students’ Evidential Increase in Learning Using Gamified Learning Environment , 2018, Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018.

[25]  Yusep Rosmansyah,et al.  Gamification framework for designing online training and collaborative working system in Statistics Indonesia , 2016, 2016 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI).

[26]  Andrija Bernik,et al.  Measurement of the effects of e-learning courses gamification on motivation and satisfaction of students , 2018, 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO).

[27]  Kristy de Salas,et al.  Improving Learning Experiences Through Gamification: A Case Study , 2015 .

[28]  Andres G. Abad,et al.  Design and evaluation of a gamified system for ERP training , 2016, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[29]  Charalampos Karagiannidis,et al.  Gamification and Game Mechanics-Based e-Learning: A Moodle Implementation and Its Effect on User Engagement , 2017 .

[30]  Bijaya Kumar Sundaray.  Employee Engagement: A Driver of Organizational Effectiveness , 2011 .

[31]  Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues,et al.  Play it again: how game-based learning improves flow in Accounting and Marketing education , 2019, Accounting Education.

[32]  Zamzami Zainuddin,et al.  The role of gamified e-quizzes on student learning and engagement: An interactive gamification solution for a formative assessment system , 2020, Comput. Educ..

[33]  Haider Th. Salim Alrikabi,et al.  Combination of Hiding and Encryption for Data Security , 2020, Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol..

[34]  Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook,et al.  Methodology for developing gamification-based learning programming language framework , 2017, 2017 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI).

[35]  Yusep Rosmansyah,et al.  Gamification framework model, based on social engagement in e-learning 2.0 , 2014, 2014 2nd International Conference on Technology, Informatics, Management, Engineering & Environment.

[36]  Jakub Swacha.  An Architecture of a Gamified Learning Management System , 2014, ICWL Workshops.

[37]  Petrea Redmond,et al.  An Online Engagement Framework for Higher Education , 2018 .

[38]  Gabriella Kazai,et al.  Towards a science of user engagement (Position Paper) , 2011 .

[39]  Amina Krdžalić,et al.  Sustainable engineering challenges towards Industry 4.0: A comprehensive review , 2019, Sustainable Engineering and Innovation.

[40]  Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook,et al.  Gamification-based learning framework for a programming course , 2017, 2017 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI).

[41]  Thair Hamtini,et al.  A Gamified e-Learning Design Model to Promote and Improve Learning , 2016 .

[42]  Steven De Haes,et al.  A Variable Payout Information Security Financial Instrument and Trading Mechanism to Address Information Security Risk , 2015, 2015 10th International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing (3PGCIC).

[43]  Siti Fadzilah Mat Noor,et al.  A proposed model of m-learning for technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) students , 2017 .

[44]  Kristi Larson,et al.  Serious Games and Gamification in the Corporate Training Environment: a Literature Review , 2019, TechTrends.

[45]  Craig E. Shepherd,et al.  Using Game Elements to Increase Student Engagement in Course Assignments , 2016 .

[46]  Abdul Hadi M. Alaidi,et al.  Using Modern Education Technique in Wasit University , 2020, Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol..

[47]  Haider Th. Salim Alrikabi,et al.  Design and Implementation of an E-learning Platform Using N-Tier Architecture , 2020, Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol..

[48]  Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook,et al.  Gamification elements for learning applications , 2016 .

[49]  Marina Marchisio,et al.  Empowering Engagement through Automatic Formative Assessment , 2019, 2019 IEEE 43rd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC).

[50]  Mark R. Young.  The Art and Science of Fostering Engaged Learning , 2010 .

[51]  Dimitra Lamprinou,et al.  Gamification design framework based on SDT for student motivation , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication Technologies and Learning (IMCL).