Slope Effects on Temperature Distribution Characteristics in Tunnel Fires

To explore slope effects under tunnel fires,the smoke diffusion and its temperature distribution characteristics are studied by means of CFD numerical simulation method.Results show that,like the horizontal tunnel,the temperature exponential decreases with the distance from fire under different tunnel slopes,however,different slope effects on temperature are observed in different tunnel areas due to the influence by induced fire wind pressure on smoke diffusion.In fire area,the ceiling temperature increases with slope.The ceiling temperature drops with slope in upstream fire area,but remains unchanged in downstream fire area.Moreover,a fitted function of slope is obtained to predict the temperature distribution along tunnel in upstream fire area.