Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays

This paper proposes a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The main objective is to find the parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation by adjusting the curve at three points: open circuit, maximum power, and short circuit. Given these three points, which are provided by all commercial array data sheets, the method finds the best I-V equation for the single-diode photovoltaic (PV) model including the effect of the series and parallel resistances, and warranties that the maximum power of the model matches with the maximum power of the real array. With the parameters of the adjusted I-V equation, one can build a PV circuit model with any circuit simulator by using basic math blocks. The modeling method and the proposed circuit model are useful for power electronics designers who need a simple, fast, accurate, and easy-to-use modeling method for using in simulations of PV systems. In the first pages, the reader will find a tutorial on PV devices and will understand the parameters that compose the single-diode PV model. The modeling method is then introduced and presented in details. The model is validated with experimental data of commercial PV arrays.

[1]  M. Chegaar,et al.  Effects of diffuse spectral illumination on microcrystalline solar cells , 2007 .

[2]  J. Amador,et al.  A single procedure for helping PV designers to select silicon PV modules and evaluate the loss resistances , 2007 .

[3]  E. Matagne,et al.  A photovoltaic cell model based on nominal data only , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives.

[4]  Tony Gan Ang.  Photovoltaic engineering handbook , 1990 .

[5]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[6]  William A. Beckman,et al.  Improvement and validation of a model for photovoltaic array performance , 2006 .

[7]  Kenneth C. Smith,et al.  Microelectronic circuits, 2nd ed. , 1987 .

[8]  R. Messenger,et al.  Photovoltaic Systems Engineering , 2018 .

[9]  T. Fuyuki,et al.  Analysis of multicrystalline silicon solar cells by modified 3-diode equivalent circuit model taking leakage current through periphery into consideration , 2007 .

[10]  J. A. Gow,et al.  Development of a photovoltaic array model for use in power-electronics simulation studies , 1999 .

[11]  R. Dougal,et al.  Dynamic Multi-Physics Model for Solar Array , 2002 .

[12]  Tomoaki Ikegami,et al.  Modeling and operation of a 10 kW photovoltaic power generator using equivalent electric circuit method , 2000, Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37036).

[13]  T. Kasparis,et al.  Tool for automated simulation of solar arrays using general-purpose simulators , 2004, 2004 IEEE Workshop on Computers in Power Electronics, 2004. Proceedings..

[14]  L. Benini,et al.  Photovoltaic cell modeling for solar energy powered sensor networks , 2007, 2007 2nd International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interface.

[15]  M. Glass.  Improved solar array power point model with SPICE realization , 1996, IECEC 96. Proceedings of the 31st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference.

[16]  M.Z.C. Wanik,et al.  Modeling and simulation of maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system , 2004, PECon 2004. Proceedings. National Power and Energy Conference, 2004..

[17]  R. Stephenson.  A and V , 1962, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[18]  J. Hyvarinen,et al.  New analysis method for crystalline silicon cells , 2003, 3rd World Conference onPhotovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003. Proceedings of.

[19]  W. Beckman,et al.  A method for estimating the long-term performance of direct-coupled PV pumping systems , 1998 .

[20]  H. Mekki,et al.  Modeling and simulation of photovoltaic panel based on artificial neural networks and VHDL-language , 2007, 2007 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems.

[21]  F.Z. Peng,et al.  Analytical Model for a Photovoltaic Module using the Electrical Characteristics provided by the Manufacturer Data Sheet , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[22]  M.T. Elhagry,et al.  Fuzzy modeling of photovoltaic panel equivalent circuit , 1997, Proceedings of 40th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Dedicated to the Memory of Professor Mac Van Valkenburg.

[23]  Nicholas D. Benavides,et al.  Modeling the effect of voltage ripple on the power output of photovoltaic modules , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[24]  K. Khouzam,et al.  Simulation and real-time modelling of space photovoltaic systems , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE 1st World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion - WCPEC (A Joint Conference of PVSC, PVSEC and PSEC).

[25]  T.F. Elshatter,et al.  Fuzzy modeling of photovoltaic panel equivalent circuit , 2000, Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 2000 (Cat. No.00CH37036).

[26]  R. Dougal,et al.  Dynamic Multi-Physics Model for Solar Array , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[27]  A. Sedra.  Microelectronic circuits , 1982 .

[28]  M.B.R. Correa,et al.  Using the model of the solar cell for determining the maximum power point of photovoltaic systems , 2007, 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[29]  Ali Naci Celik,et al.  Modelling and experimental verification of the operating current of mono-crystalline photovoltaic modules using four- and five-parameter models , 2007 .

[30]  H. Möller.  Semiconductors for Solar Cells , 1993 .

[31]  R.C. Campbell.  A Circuit-based Photovoltaic Array Model for Power System Studies , 2007, 2007 39th North American Power Symposium.

[32]  Geoffrey R. Walker,et al.  Evaluating MPPT Converter Topologies Using a Matlab PV Model , 2000 .

[33]  Richard H. Bube,et al.  Fundamentals of solar cells , 1983 .

[34]  VeeracharyM.  PSIM circuit-oriented simulator model for the nonlinear photovoltaic sources , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[35]  A. Kajihara,et al.  Model of photovoltaic cell circuits under partial shading , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology.

[36]  P. Jain,et al.  Evaluating the Effectiveness of Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods in Photovoltaic Power Systems using Array Performance Models , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[37]  H.M.S. Hussein,et al.  Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of PV modules , 2003 .

[38]  Jiann-Fuh Chen,et al.  Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system , 2001, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[39]  Pedro Rodriguez,et al.  PV panel model based on datasheet values , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[40]  C. Riordan,et al.  What is an air mass 1.5 spectrum? (solar cell performance calculations) , 1990, IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists.

[41]  N. Jenkins,et al.  A model of PV generation suitable for stability analysis , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[42]  Rui Castro,et al.  Validation of Photovoltaic Electrical Models against Manufacturers Data and Experimental Results , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives.

[43]  S.P. Chowdhury,et al.  Modelling, simulation and performance analysis of a PV array in an embedded environment , 2007, 2007 42nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference.

[44]  Kostas Kalaitzakis,et al.  Development of an FPGA-based System for Real-Time Simulation of Photovoltaic Modules , 2009, Seventeenth IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP'06).

[45]  Tsutomu Hoshino,et al.  Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions , 1995 .

[46]  Santiago Silvestre,et al.  Modelling Photovoltaic Systems Using PSpice®: Castaner/Modelling Photovoltaic Systems Using PSpice , 2006 .

[47]  Weidong Xiao,et al.  A novel modeling method for photovoltaic cells , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[48]  J. A. Gow,et al.  Development of a model for photovoltaic arrays suitable for use in simulation studies of solar energy conversion systems , 1996 .

[49]  Hans S. Rauschenbach,et al.  Solar-cell array design handbook , 1980 .

[50]  Liao Hua,et al.  Steady-state model and power flow analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic power system , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology.