A high-sensitivity terahertz spectroscopy technology for tetracycline hydrochloride detection using metamaterials.

Antibiotic residues in animal-derived food due to their overuse in veterinary medicine will have potential adverse effects on human health. The rapid and accurate detection of these drugs is essential for ensuring human food safety. In particular, the current detection methods are usually limited by the low sensitivity or the tedious pre-treatment. Here we demonstrate that metamaterials operating at terahertz frequencies, acting as highly sensitive sensors, show promising potential for the detection of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). We were able to detect a trace amount of TCH, as small as 0.1mg/L, which was about 10(5) times enhancement compared to the measurement of TCH on a silicon substance. Our study is likely to constitute an important step toward the detection of antibiotic residues in a food matrix.

[1]  H. Nau,et al.  Residue analysis of tetracyclines and their metabolites in eggs and in the environment by HPLC coupled with a microbiological assay and tandem mass spectrometry. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[2]  M. Vega,et al.  Magnetic solid phase extraction based on phenyl silica adsorbent for the determination of tetracyclines in milk samples by capillary electrophoresis. , 2011, Journal of chromatography. A.

[3]  Kodo Kawase,et al.  Terahertz sensing method for protein detection using a thin metallic mesh , 2007 .

[4]  Sun-Goo Lee,et al.  Terahertz notch and low-pass filters based on band gaps properties by using metal slits in tapered parallel-plate waveguides. , 2011, Optics express.

[5]  Qianfan Xu,et al.  High-contrast terahertz modulator based on extraordinary transmission through a ring aperture. , 2011, Optics express.

[6]  L. Wong,et al.  Flexible visible-infrared metamaterials and their applications in highly sensitive chemical and biological sensing. , 2011, Nano letters.

[7]  Michael Nagel,et al.  Integrated planar terahertz resonators for femtomolar sensitivity label-free detection of DNA hybridization. , 2002, Applied optics.

[8]  W. Hillen,et al.  Tetracyclines: antibiotic action, uptake, and resistance mechanisms , 1996, Archives of Microbiology.

[9]  Dawn Lipscomb,et al.  Terahertz spectroscopy of dry, hydrated, and thermally denatured biological macromolecules , 2012, BiOS.

[10]  Marco Rahm,et al.  Metamaterial near-field sensor for deep-subwavelength thickness measurements and sensitive refractometry in the terahertz frequency range , 2012, 1203.4527.

[11]  M. Wegener,et al.  Magnetic Response of Metamaterials at 100 Terahertz , 2004, Science.

[12]  Anastasios D. Koulouklidis,et al.  Detection of Harmful Residues in Honey Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy , 2013, Applied spectroscopy.

[13]  Michael Watkinson,et al.  Terahertz spectroscopy: a powerful new tool for the chemical sciences? , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[14]  Ming Huang,et al.  Microwave Sensor Using Metamaterials , 2011 .

[15]  S. J. Park,et al.  Detection of microorganisms using terahertz metamaterials , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[16]  Seeram Ramakrishna,et al.  Anti-reflective coatings: A critical, in-depth review , 2011 .

[17]  S. Sivakesava,et al.  Rapid determination of tetracycline in milk by FT-MIR and FT-NIR spectroscopy. , 2002, Journal of dairy science.

[18]  Xiang Zhang,et al.  Introduction to THz Wave Photonics , 2009 .

[19]  Lord Rayleigh,et al.  On Reflection of Vibrations at the Confines of two Media between which the Transition is Gradual , 1879 .

[20]  Yibin Ying,et al.  Feasibility of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to detect tetracyclines hydrochloride in infant milk powder. , 2014, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  Ian T. Jolliffe,et al.  Principal Component Analysis , 2002, International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science.

[22]  Ángel Maquieira,et al.  Fast screening methods to detect antibiotic residues in food samples , 2010 .

[23]  H. Abdi,et al.  Principal component analysis , 2010 .

[24]  R. Shelby,et al.  Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction , 2001, Science.

[25]  E. W. Morris.  No , 1923, The Hospital and health review.

[26]  Yibin Ying,et al.  Determination of tetracycline hydrochloride by terahertz spectroscopy with PLSR model. , 2015, Food chemistry.

[27]  Yolanda Picó,et al.  Determination of tetracyclines in multi-specie animal tissues by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry , 2009 .

[28]  Diana S Aga,et al.  Determination of the persistence of tetracycline antibiotics and their degradates in manure-amended soil using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  Susana Campuzano,et al.  Disposable amperometric magneto-immunosensor for direct detection of tetracyclines antibiotics residues in milk. , 2012, Analytica chimica acta.

[30]  E. Heilweil,et al.  Pulsed terahertz spectroscopy of DNA, bovine serum albumin and collagen between 0.1 and 2.0 THz , 2000 .

[31]  Susana Campuzano,et al.  Integrated disposable electrochemical immunosensors for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics residues in milk. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[32]  Sung-Woo Park,et al.  Biotin-avidin mediated competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect residues of tetracyclines in milk , 2008 .

[33]  Satoshi Tsukamoto,et al.  CORRIGENDUM: Fluorescence-based visualization of autophagic activity predicts mouse embryo viability , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[34]  Christian Debus,et al.  Frequency selective surfaces for high sensitivity terahertz sensing , 2007, 2104.05462.

[35]  Albert Redo-Sanchez,et al.  Assessment of terahertz spectroscopy to detect antibiotic residues in food and feed matrices. , 2011, The Analyst.

[36]  Carlos Alonso-Calleja,et al.  Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: A Challenge for the Food Industry , 2013, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[37]  David R. Smith,et al.  Controlling Electromagnetic Fields , 2006, Science.

[38]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Performance enhancement of terahertz metamaterials on ultrathin substrates for sensing applications , 2010 .