Beyond the Stadium: Football World Cup Fan Fests and Global Live Sites

Sport mega-events have involved the transformation and privatization of urban public spaces (for example, along roads, around tourist sites and icons, and the skies above venues), including the creation of so-called ‘clean zones’ in which the event host is given exclusive use of what was previously public space.1 Sport mega-events have also involved the creation of temporary spaces — public viewing areas (PVAs) — which are spectator spaces with huge TV screens, targeted towards fans who wish to view an event but who do not have a ticket for stadium entry. PVAs, as open-air spectator events with free admission, have become particularly attractive for the organizers of international football tournaments and their host cities in recent years.

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