State of the Art. I: Resilient Response of Unbound Aggregates

The findings of an extensive literature survey on the structural response of unbound aggregates are discussed in two companion papers. In this paper, a state of the art is presented on resilient stress-strain characteristics of such materials, as well as different modeling techniques. The resilient response of aggregates is affected by several factors with varying degrees of importance. These are presented, and different views on the impact of each individual factor are discussed. Research efforts in the past have resulted in different mathematical models for predicting the resilient response of aggregates under repeated traffic-type loading. The models found in the literature are listed, and their advantages and shortcomings are reviewed. The permanent strain characteristics of unbound aggregates are considered in a separate companion paper.

[1]  S F Brown,et al.  EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON THE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF A CRUSHED-LIMESTONE ROAD BASE , 1987 .

[2]  Carl L Monismith,et al.  Prediction of pavement deflections from laboratory repeated load tests : a report on an investigation , 1965 .

[3]  P. S. Pell,et al.  AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE STRESSES, STRAINS AND DEFLECTIONS IN A LAYERED PAVEMENT STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO DYNAMIC LOADS , 1967 .

[4]  G L Dehlen.  The effect of non-linear material response on the behaviour of pavements subjected to traffic loads , 1969 .

[5]  Markus Voelter,et al.  State of the Art , 1997, Pediatric Research.

[6]  A. P. Allaart.  Design principles for flexible pavements: a computational model for granular bases , 1992 .

[7]  R G Robinson.  MEASUREMENT OF THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF GRANULAR MATERIALS USING A RESONANCE METHOD , 1974 .

[8]  J W Pappin.  Characteristics of a granular material for pavement analysis , 1979 .

[9]  A DiMillio,et al.  FROST ACTION PREDICTIVE TECHNIQUES: AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RESULTS , 1986 .

[10]  Jiwan D. Gupta,et al.  Analysis of Resilient Modulus of Dense- and Open-Graded Aggregates , 1996 .

[11]  Robert P Elliott,et al.  IMPROVED CHARACTERIZATION MODEL FOR GRANULAR BASES , 1989 .

[12]  H C Mayhew.  RESILIENT PROPERTIES OF UNBOUND ROADBASE UNDER REPEATED TRIAXIAL LOADING , 1983 .

[13]  R G Hicks,et al.  BASE COURSE CONTAMINATION LIMITS , 1986 .

[14]  Jacob Uzan,et al.  CHARACTERIZATION OF GRANULAR MATERIAL , 1985 .

[15]  C L Monismith,et al.  FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RESILIENT RESPONSE OF GRANULAR MATERIALS , 1971 .

[16]  A Nataatmadja.  Resilient modulus of granular materials under repeated loading , 1992 .

[17]  H. M. Czachor,et al.  MODELING OF GRANULAR AND CELLULAR MATERIALS , 2001 .

[18]  C L Monismith,et al.  PREDICTIONS OF PAVEMENT DEFLECTIONS FROM LABORATORY TESTS , 1967 .

[19]  C L Monismith,et al.  PREDICTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DEFLECTIONS FROM LABORATORY REPEATED-LOAD TESTS , 1967 .

[20]  Andrew Dawson,et al.  MODELLING RESILIENT AND PERMANENT DEFLECTIONS IN GRANULAR AND SOIL PAVEMENT LAYERS , 1994 .

[21]  S. F. Brown,et al.  SIGNIFICANCE OF CYCLIC CONFINING STRESS IN REPEATED-LOAD TRIAXIAL TESTING OF GRANULAR MATERIAL , 1975 .

[22]  S F Brown,et al.  USE OF THE FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER FOR INSITU EVALUATION OF GRANULAR MATERIALS IN PAVEMENTS --14TH ARRB CONFERENCE, 28 AUGUST - 2 SEPTEMBER, 1988, CANBERRA, ACT, AUSTRALIA; PROC. PARTS 1 - 8 , 1988 .

[23]  D H Trollope,et al.  Stresses and deformation in two layer pavement structures under slow repeated loading , 1962 .

[24]  K Nair,et al.  DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF UNTREATED GRANULAR BASE COURSE AND ASPHALT-TREATED BASE COURSE MATERIALS , 1973 .

[25]  Matthew W Witczak,et al.  EFFECTIVE GRANULAR MODULUS TO MODEL PAVEMENT RESPONSES , 1981 .

[26]  S F Brown,et al.  MODELING OF GRANULAR MATERIALS IN PAVEMENTS , 1985 .

[27]  J R Morgan,et al.  THE RESPONSE OF GRANULAR MATERIALS TO REPEATED LOADING , 1966 .

[28]  Nick Thom.  DESIGN OF ROAD FOUNDATIONS , 1988 .

[29]  S. Brown,et al.  THE EFFECT OF GRADING AND DENSITY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A CRUSHED DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE --14TH ARRB CONFERENCE, 28 AUGUST - 2 SEPTEMBER, 1988, CANBERRA, ACT, AUSTRALIA; PROC. PARTS 1 - 8 , 1988 .

[30]  A Nataatmadja,et al.  CHARACTERIZATION OF GRANULAR MATERIALS FOR PAVEMENTS , 1989 .

[31]  A Nataatmadja.  SIGNIFICANCE OF CYCLIC CONFINING STRESS IN REPEATED LOAD TRIAXIAL TEST: A RECONSIDERATION , 1995 .

[32]  Pierre Hornych,et al.  REPEATED LOAD TRIAXIAL TESTING OF GRANULAR MATERIALS IN THE FRENCH NETWORK OF LABORATORIES DES PONTS ET CHAUSSEES , 1996 .

[33]  Andrew Dawson,et al.  FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF UNBOUND GRANULAR MATERIALS IN PAVEMENTS , 1993 .

[34]  William M Moore,et al.  A LABORATORY STUDY OF THE RELATION OF STRESS TO STRAIN FOR A CRUSHED LIMESTONE BASE MATERIAL; REPORT NO 99-5F , 1970 .

[35]  Eldon J Yoder,et al.  Effects of Repeated Loading on Gravel and Crushed Stone Base Course Materials Used in the AASHO Road Test , 1963 .

[36]  Lutfi Raad,et al.  CHARACTERIZATION OF SATURATED GRANULAR BASES UNDER REPEATED LOADS , 1992 .

[37]  Ulf Isacsson,et al.  STATE OF THE ART. II: PERMANENT STRAIN RESPONSE OF UNBOUND AGGREGATES , 2000 .

[38]  J E Gray.  CHARACTERISTICS OF GRADED BASE COURSE AGGREGATES DETERMINED BY TRIAXIAL TESTS , 1962 .

[39]  M. Baucus.  Transportation Research Board , 1982 .

[40]  남영국,et al.  Influence of Aggregate Shape on Base Behavior , 1995 .

[41]  Marshall R. Thompson,et al.  Triaxial Characterization of Minnesota Road Research Project Granular Materials , 1997 .

[42]  Michitaka Kojima,et al.  Characterization of saturation classes in $L(R^{n})$ , 1973 .

[43]  S. Brown,et al.  The mechanical properties of unbound aggregates from various sources , 1989 .

[44]  Gonzalo R. Rada,et al.  COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF LABORATORY RESILIENT MODULI RESULTS FOR GRANULAR MATERIAL , 1981 .

[45]  P S Pell,et al.  THE RESILIENT BEHAVIOUR OF A GRANULAR MATERIAL UNDER REPEATED LOADING , 1976 .

[46]  B Vuong.  Influence of density and moisture content on dynamic stress-strain behaviour of a low plasticity crushed rock , 1992 .

[47]  Richard B. Nelson,et al.  Modelling the elastic behaviour of granular materials , 1987 .

[48]  J. J. Allen,et al.  RESILIENT RESPONSE OF GRANULAR MATERIALS SUBJECTED TO TIME-DEPENDENT LATERAL STRESSES , 1974 .

[49]  Miloud El Hannani.  Modelisation et simulation numerique des chaussees souples , 1991 .