Patterns of cigarette sales and lung cancer mortality in some central and eastern European countries, 1960‐1989

Background. Remarkable increases in lung cancer risk recently have been observed in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) area. This study examines the patterns of lung cancer mortality rates and cigarette sales in 1960‐1989 in seven CEE countries with a total population of 97.5 million and 43,000 deaths from lung cancer in the last year under study.

[1]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  At least one in seven cases of cancer is caused by smoking. Global estimates for 1985 , 1994, International journal of cancer.

[2]  J. Samet.  The epidemiology of lung cancer. , 1993, Chest.

[3]  D. Parkin,et al.  Lung cancer: worldwide variation in occurrence and proportion attributable to tobacco use , 1993 .

[4]  David G. Da Vila,et al.  The Etiology of Lung Cancer , 1993 .

[5]  T. Tong,et al.  Cancer statistics, 1993 , 1993, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[6]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics , 1992, The Lancet.

[7]  R. Doll,et al.  Progress against cancer: an epidemiologic assessment. The 1991 John C. Cassel Memorial Lecture. , 1991, American Journal of Epidemiology.

[8]  T. Pechacek,et al.  Smoking-attributable cancer mortality in 1991: is lung cancer now the leading cause of death among smokers in the United States? , 1991, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[9]  P. Lee,et al.  Trends in lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, and emphysema death rates for England and Wales 1941-85 and their relation to trends in cigarette smoking. , 1990, Thorax.

[10]  H Becher,et al.  A case-control study of lung cancer with special reference to the effect of air pollution in Poland. , 1990, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[11]  A. Miller,et al.  Dietary factors and risk of lung cancer: Results from a case‐control study, toronto, 1981–1985 , 1990, International journal of cancer.

[12]  A. D. López.  Changes in tobacco consumption and lung cancer risk: evidence from national statistics. , 1990, IARC scientific publications.

[13]  J. Estève,et al.  Cancer in the European Community and its member states. , 1990, European journal of cancer.

[14]  C. White,et al.  Research on smoking and lung cancer: a landmark in the history of chronic disease epidemiology. , 1990, The Yale journal of biology and medicine.

[15]  D. Parkin.  Trends in lung cancer incidence worldwide. , 1989, Chest.

[16]  J. Densem,et al.  Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer: results from the BUPA Study. , 1988, British Journal of Cancer.

[17]  L. Kessler,et al.  Projections of lung cancer mortality in the United States: 1985-2025. , 1988, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[18]  K. Manton,et al.  A population-based model of respiratory cancer incidence, progression, diagnosis, treatment, and mortality. , 1982, Computers and biomedical research, an international journal.

[19]  A. Dobson,et al.  Cigarette smoking and drug use in schoolchildren. II. Factors associated with smoking. , 1981, International journal of epidemiology.

[20]  E. Pukkala,et al.  Future incidence of lung cancer: forecasts based on hypothetical changes in the smoking habits of males. , 1981, International journal of epidemiology.

[21]  R. Doll,et al.  The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. , 1981, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[22]  R. L. Carter,et al.  IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans , 1980, IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans.

[23]  Education Welfare.,et al.  Smoking and Health. Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. , 1964 .