Evaluation of Deposit-Based Road Pricing Scheme by Agent-Based Simulator

Parking Deposit System (PDS) is proposed to improve public acceptance of road pricing (RP), which can reduce effectively traffic congestion and air pollution. This study examines the characteristics of PDS and conventional cordon-based RP in terms of efficiency and equity. In order to evaluate income regressive effects as equity, we develop a multi-agent based simulator which can consider user's mode and route choice behaviors for several income classes. The results of empirical analysis at the Nagoya Metropolitan Area suggest the followings in comparison with conventional RP: (1) PDS gives sufficient environmental improvement by reducing car use, although the effect of decreases by refund, and (2) PDS is more equitable because it is a kind of revenue allocation scheme.

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