Sarcopenia Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Protective Effects of Exercise.

ABSTRACT We discuss recent evidence supporting the hypothesis that sarcopenia is an emerging health concern among people with HIV due to increasing life expectancy and HIV- and treatment-related comorbidities. We also hypothesize that combined exercise at higher intensity has a key role in managing sarcopenia in this population because it directly (increases muscle strength and stimulates hypertrophy) and indirectly (prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and persistent inflammation) counteracts sarcopenia hallmarks.