Enhancement of room temperature sub-bandgap light emission from silicon photonic crystal nanocavity by Purcell effect

We report the enhancement of sub-bandgap photoluminescence from silicon via the Purcell effect. We couple the defect emission from silicon, which is believed to be due to hydrogen incorporation into the lattice, to a photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity. We observe an up to 300-fold enhancement of the emission at room temperature at 1550 nm, as compared to an unpatterned sample, which is then comparable to the silicon band-edge emission. We discuss the possibility of enhancing this emission even further by introducing additional defects by ion implantation, or by treating the silicon PhC nanocavity with hydrogen plasma.

[1]  Polman,et al.  Temperature dependence and quenching processes of the intra-4f luminescence of Er in crystalline Si. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[2]  M. Kaniber,et al.  Enhanced photoluminescence emission from two-dimensional silicon photonic crystal nanocavities , 2009, 0912.0774.

[3]  Einar Ö. Sveinbjörnsson,et al.  Room temperature electroluminescence from dislocation‐rich silicon , 1996 .

[4]  D. Gerace,et al.  Photonic-crystal slabs with a triangular lattice of triangular holes investigated using a guided-mode expansion method , 2006, 0706.0395.

[5]  Thermal evolution of hydrogen related defects in hydrogen implanted Czochralski silicon investigated by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy , 2006 .

[6]  Andrew G. Glen,et al.  APPL , 2001 .

[7]  T. Asano,et al.  High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal , 2003, Nature.

[8]  P. W. Smith,et al.  Radiative recombination channels due to hydrogen in crystalline silicon , 1989 .

[9]  E. Purcell,et al.  Resonance Absorption by Nuclear Magnetic Moments in a Solid , 1946 .

[10]  A. Axmann,et al.  1.54‐μm electroluminescence of erbium‐doped silicon grown by molecular beam epitaxy , 1985 .

[11]  Thomas F. Krauss,et al.  Light scattering and Fano resonances in high-Q photonic crystal nanocavities , 2009 .

[12]  Jean-Michel Lourtioz,et al.  Photonic Crystals : Towards Nanoscale Photonic Devices , 2005 .

[13]  Jean-Michel Gérard,et al.  Solid-State Cavity-Quantum Electrodynamics with Self-Assembled Quantum Dots , 2003 .

[14]  J. Weber.  Defect generation during plasma treatment of semiconductors , 1991 .

[15]  J. R. Haynes,et al.  New Radiative Recombination Processes Involving Neutral Donors and Acceptors in Silicon and Germanium , 1967 .

[16]  S. Combrie,et al.  Directive emission from high-Q photonic crystal cavities through band folding , 2009, 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[17]  E. Simoen,et al.  Impact of the divacancy (?) on the generation-recombination properties of 10 MeV proton irradiated Float-Zone silicon diodes , 2000 .

[18]  Thomas F. Krauss,et al.  Room-temperature emission at telecom wavelengths from silicon photonic crystal nanocavities , 2011 .

[19]  A. Henry,et al.  Photoluminescence characterization of plasma exposed silicon surfaces , 1991 .

[20]  D. Schroder,et al.  Deep levels introduced into silicon during hydrogen plasma annealing , 1985 .

[21]  G. Davies,et al.  The optical properties of luminescence centres in silicon , 1989 .

[22]  Ponce,et al.  Defects in single-crystal silicon induced by hydrogenation. , 1987, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[23]  Alexander Fang,et al.  An all-silicon Raman laser , 2005, Nature.

[24]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  All-optical switches on a silicon chip realized using photonic crystal nanocavities , 2005 .

[25]  Oskar Painter,et al.  Nonlinear response of silicon photonic crystal microresonators excited via an integrated waveguide and fiber taper. , 2005, Optics express.

[26]  S. Cloutier,et al.  Optical gain and stimulated emission in periodic nanopatterned crystalline silicon , 2005, Nature materials.

[27]  T. Krauss,et al.  Planar photonic crystal cavities with far-field optimization for high coupling efficiency and quality factor. , 2010, Optics express.

[28]  Salvatore Coffa,et al.  Excitation and nonradiative deexcitation processes of Er 3 + in crystalline Si , 1998 .

[29]  Federico Capasso,et al.  On the temperature dependence of point-defect-mediated luminescence in silicon , 2009 .

[30]  S. Noda,et al.  Reduction in surface recombination and enhancement of light emission in silicon photonic crystals treated by high-pressure water-vapor annealing , 2010 .

[31]  Lucio Claudio Andreani,et al.  Gap maps, diffraction losses, and exciton–polaritons in photonic crystal slabs , 2004 .

[32]  Yasuhiko Arakawa,et al.  Observation of enhanced photoluminescence from silicon photonic crystal nanocavity at room temperature , 2007 .

[33]  G. Shao,et al.  An efficient room-temperature silicon-based light-emitting diode , 2001, Nature.

[34]  M. Konuma,et al.  Evidence for intrinsic point defect generation during hydrogen-plasma treatment of silicon , 1991 .