How large the sin? A study of the event related potentials elicited by errors of varying magnitude.

We report the results of an experiment designed to elucidate the extent to which the error related ERP components are affected by response and stimulus similarity. We examined the ERPs under varying degrees of mismatch between the representations of actual and appropriate responses. We replicated the design used in an earlier study, which demonstrated that response similarity rather than stimulus similarity affected the amplitude of the error related negativity (ERN). We report the results of a spatial-temporal principal component analysis (PCA), which indicates that response similarity affects the amplitudes of the ERN and the fronto-central positive component, but not those of the P300 and the frontal negativity. The results provide evidence to suggest that the ERN and the proceeding positive deflection are error related and are sensitive to the degree of the committed error, whereas the P300 and the frontal negativity are not.

[1]  E. John,et al.  Evoked-Potential Correlates of Stimulus Uncertainty , 1965, Science.

[2]  N. Yeung,et al.  On the ERN and the significance of errors. , 2005, Psychophysiology.

[3]  Clay B. Holroyd,et al.  The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. , 2002, Psychological review.

[4]  Jan R. Wessel,et al.  Modulation of the error-related negativity by response conflict. , 2009, Psychophysiology.

[5]  M. Posner,et al.  Localization of a Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation , 1994 .

[6]  E. Donchin,et al.  Relationship between P300 amplitude and subsequent recall for distinctive events: dependence on type of distinctiveness attribute. , 2000, Psychophysiology.

[7]  Scott A Baldwin,et al.  Temporal stability of the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe): the role of number of trials. , 2010, Psychophysiology.

[8]  Petra Vlamings,et al.  Reduced error monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder: an ERP study , 2008, The European journal of neuroscience.

[9]  J. Hohnsbein,et al.  ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: a tutorial , 2000, Biological Psychology.

[10]  M. Botvinick,et al.  Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and the online monitoring of performance. , 1998, Science.

[11]  Raymond J. Dolan,et al.  Anterior cingulate activity during error and autonomic response , 2005, NeuroImage.

[12]  D. Rosenbaum.  Human movement initiation: specification of arm, direction, and extent. , 1980, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[13]  Yael Arbel,et al.  Parsing the componential structure of post-error ERPs: a principal component analysis of ERPs following errors. , 2009, Psychophysiology.

[14]  D. Yves von Cramon,et al.  The Role of Intact Frontostriatal Circuits in Error Processing , 2006, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[15]  Maarten A. S. Boksem,et al.  Error-related ERP components and individual differences in punishment and reward sensitivity , 2006, Brain Research.

[16]  Thérèse J. M. Overbeek,et al.  Dissociable Components of Error Processing on the Functional Significance of the Pe Vis-à-vis the Ern/ne Performance Monitoring Processes Reflected in the Ne and Pe Review of Studies That Report Both Ne and Pe: Associations and Dissociations Pharmacological Effects , 2022 .

[17]  W. Gehring,et al.  Functions of the Medial Frontal Cortex in the Processing of Conflict and Errors , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[18]  Greg Hajcak,et al.  The stability of error-related brain activity with increasing trials. , 2009, Psychophysiology.

[19]  Cameron S Carter,et al.  Development of action monitoring through adolescence into adulthood: ERP and source localization. , 2007, Developmental science.

[20]  E Donchin,et al.  A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. , 1983, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[21]  E. Donchin,et al.  Spatiotemporal analysis of the late ERP responses to deviant stimuli. , 2001, Psychophysiology.

[22]  C. Carter,et al.  The Timing of Action-Monitoring Processes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex , 2002, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[23]  E. Donchin,et al.  When a child errs: the ERN and the Pe complex in children. , 2011, Psychophysiology.

[24]  G. McCarthy,et al.  On the influence of task relevance and stimulus probability on event-related-potential components. , 1977, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[25]  J. Hohnsbein,et al.  Error Processing in Parkinson's Disease , 2005 .

[26]  K. Kiehl,et al.  Error processing and the rostral anterior cingulate: an event-related fMRI study. , 2000, Psychophysiology.

[27]  E. Donchin,et al.  On quantifying surprise: the variation of event-related potentials with subjective probability. , 1977, Psychophysiology.

[28]  J. Miller.  Discrete versus continuous stage models of human information processing: in search of partial output. , 1982, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[29]  D. Meyer,et al.  A Neural System for Error Detection and Compensation , 1993 .

[30]  J Peter Rosenfeld,et al.  Subjective and objective probability effects on P300 amplitude revisited. , 2005, Psychophysiology.

[31]  Clay B. Holroyd,et al.  Why is there an ERN/Ne on correct trials? Response representations, stimulus-related components, and the theory of error-processing , 2001, Biological Psychology.

[32]  Jonathan D. Cohen,et al.  The neural basis of error detection: conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity. , 2004, Psychological review.

[33]  M. Coles,et al.  "Where did I go wrong?" A psychophysiological analysis of error detection. , 1995, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[34]  E. Donchin,et al.  Parsing the late positive complex: mental chronometry and the ERP components that inhabit the neighborhood of the P300. , 2004, Psychophysiology.

[35]  E. Donchin,et al.  Preparation to respond as manifested by movement-related brain potentials , 1980, Brain Research.

[36]  A. Tversky.  Features of Similarity , 1977 .

[37]  Jutta Stahl,et al.  Dynamics of response-conflict monitoring and individual differences in response control and behavioral control: An electrophysiological investigation using a stop-signal task , 2007, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[38]  Clay B. Holroyd,et al.  Error-related scalp potentials elicited by hand and foot movements: evidence for an output-independent error-processing system in humans , 1998, Neuroscience Letters.

[39]  C. Eriksen,et al.  Pre- and poststimulus activation of response channels: a psychophysiological analysis. , 1988, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[40]  G. Glover,et al.  Error‐related brain activation during a Go/NoGo response inhibition task , 2001, Human brain mapping.