Surface tension of binary metal—surface active solute systems under conditions relevant to welding metallurgy

Since the fluid flow, heat transfer, and the resulting weld properties are significantly affected by interfacial tension driven flow, the variation of interfacial tension in dilute binary solutions is studied as a function of both composition and temperature. Entropy and enthalpy of adsorption of surface active components such as oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium in Fe-O, Fe-S, Fe-Se, Cu-O, Cu-S, Cu-Se, Cu-Te, Ag-O, and Sn-Te systems were calculated from the analysis of the published data on interfacial tension of these systems. For these calculations, a formalism based on the combination of Gibbs and Langmuir adsorption isotherms was used. Interfacial tensions in Cr-O, Co-S, and Ni-S systems, where the data are scarce, were predicted by using certain approximations. The computed values were found to be in reasonable agreement with the data available in the literature. Temperature coefficients of interfacial tensions were calculated for several binary systems. It was demonstrated that in dilute solutions, the temperature coefficient of interfacial tension is strongly influenced by the heat of adsorption which, in turn, is influenced by the difference in electronegativity between the solute and solvent ions.

[1]  C. Lupis.  Chemical thermodynamics of materials , 1983 .

[2]  K. Nogi,et al.  Effects of Selenium and Tellurium on the Surface Tension of Molten Iron and the Wettability of Alumina by Molten Iron , 1983 .

[3]  A. Hamielec,et al.  Effect of dissolved oxygen on the surface tension of liquid iron , 1975 .

[4]  Z. Kozuka,et al.  Thermodyn mics of oxygen in liquid tellurium from electrochemical me surements , 1980 .

[5]  Paul Kozakevitch,et al.  Activité superficielle et activité thermodynamique du soufre dans les alliages liquides fer-carbone-soufre , 1955 .

[6]  W. Kingery,et al.  Surface Tension at Elevated Temperatures. II. Effect of C, N, O and S on Liquid Iron Surface Tension and Interfacial Energy with Al2O3 , 1955 .

[7]  Hajime Suto,et al.  Effects of Dissolved Sulphur, Oxygen, Selenium and Tellurium on the Surface Tension of Liquid Copper , 1961 .

[8]  H. Suto,et al.  Effect of Dissolved Sulphur on the Surface Tension of Liquid Copper (Fundamental Studies on Cermet, Part 4) , 1960 .

[9]  R. G. Ward.  Metallurgy. (Book Reviews: An Introduction to the Physical Chemistry of Iron and Steel Making) , 1963 .

[10]  B. Gallois,et al.  Effect of oxygen on the surface tension of liquid copper , 1981 .

[11]  E. Roberts.  Surface phenomena of metals: Editor Dr. J. G. N. Thomas. Society of Chemical Industry Monograph No. 28, Published September, 1968, 486 pp. £5 10s 0d + postage , 1969 .

[12]  C. Lupis,et al.  The surface tension of liquid silver alloys: Part I. Silver-gold alloys , 1971 .

[13]  C. Lupis,et al.  The surface tension of liquid silver alloys: Part II. Ag−O alloys , 1971 .

[14]  W. A. Miller,et al.  Surface Tension of Liquid Iron and Iron-Oxygen Alloys , 1983 .

[15]  Kenneth C. Mills,et al.  Effects of Interaction Between Surface Active Elements on the Surface Tension of Iron , 1982 .

[16]  A. Kasama,et al.  Effect of a Slight Amount of Dissolved Oxygen on the Surface Tension of Liquid Copper , 1980 .

[17]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[18]  S. Mehrotra,et al.  Interfacial phenomena between molten metals and sapphire substrate , 1985 .