Comparative evaluation of different crystal-structured calcium sulfates as bone-filling materials.

The mechanical and handling properties and biological performances of two types of calcium sulfate (betaCS and alphaCS) as bone-filling materials were compared. The influence of two modifiers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellose (HPMC) and fibrin was also examined. alphaCS showed higher strength than, and similar setting time and injectability to those of betaCS. The degradation of CS in a simulated body fluid (SBF) was checked by measuring the amount of calcium released to SBF. alphaCS showed reduced calcium release than betaCS. The modifiers tended to increase the calcium release. The MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts cultured on alphaCS showed higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than those cultured on betaCS. alphaCS strongly promoted gene expression of osteoblast phenotypes including Runx2, alpha1(I) collagen, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein. There was no significant difference in cell adhesion and proliferation between two types of CS. The addition of modifiers to CS increased cell proliferation, ALP activity, and the gene expression. The osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 monocytes was checked. The cells on both types of CS produced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity with no significant difference. These cell response results indicated that alphaCS promoted osteoblast differentiation over betaCS but not osteoclast differentiation. Conclusively, a particular form of commercially available alphaCS possesses superior properties to betaCS in terms of mechanical properties and supports for osteoblast differentiation, suggesting that alphaCS could be an alternative to the conventionally used betaCS. The addition of HPMC and fibrin could further improve the feasibility of alphaCS as a bone-filling material.

[1]  D. Hak.  The Use of Osteoconductive Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopaedic Trauma , 2007, The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

[2]  J. Ricci,et al.  In vitro characterization of a calcium sulfate/PLLA composite for use as a bone graft material. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[3]  P. Lakatos,et al.  Effect of gypsum on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[4]  Benjamin M. Wu,et al.  Human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in fibrin gels in vitro. , 2006, Tissue engineering.

[5]  M. A. Abdullah.  Surface detail, compressive strength, and dimensional accuracy of gypsum casts after repeated immersion in hypochlorite solution. , 2006, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print).

[6]  D. Puleo,et al.  Mechanical and degradation behavior of polymer-calcium sulfate composites , 2006, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[7]  Pierre Layrolle,et al.  Micro-architecture of calcium phosphate granules and fibrin glue composites for bone tissue engineering. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[8]  G. Daculsi,et al.  The modulation of gene expression in osteoblasts by thrombin coated on biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[9]  K. Bachus,et al.  Biological effects of calcium sulfate as a bone graft substitute in ovine metaphyseal defects. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[10]  A G Mikos,et al.  Injectable PLGA microsphere/calcium phosphate cements: physical properties and degradation characteristics , 2006, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[11]  C. Niu,et al.  The Fusion Rate of Calcium Sulfate With Local Autograft Bone Compared With Autologous Iliac Bone Graft for Instrumented Short-Segment Spinal Fusion , 2005, Spine.

[12]  Shannon M. Rush.  Bone graft substitutes: osteobiologics. , 2005, Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery.

[13]  R. Giardino,et al.  Medial-grade calcium sulfate hemihydrate (surgiplaster) in healing of a human extraction socket--histologic observation at 3 months: a case report. , 2005, The International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants.

[14]  D. Moles,et al.  Type IV gypsum compatibility with five addition-reaction silicone impression materials. , 2005, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print).

[15]  L. Zichner,et al.  Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and calcium sulphate as biodegradable composite carrier material for local delivery of antibiotics in bone infections. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[16]  D. Puleo,et al.  Calcium sulfate: a review. , 2005, Journal of long-term effects of medical implants.

[17]  M Y Phang,et al.  Evaluation of suitable biodegradable scaffolds for engineered bone tissue. , 2004, The Medical journal of Malaysia.

[18]  M. Bohner.  New hydraulic cements based on α-tricalcium phosphate–calcium sulfate dihydrate mixtures , 2004 .

[19]  T. Turner,et al.  An injectable calcium sulfate-based bone graft putty using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as the plasticizer. , 2004, Orthopedics.

[20]  L. Lidgren,et al.  Biodegradation and biocompatability of a calcium sulphate-hydroxyapatite bone substitute. , 2004, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[21]  L. Lidgren,et al.  Factors influencing the compressive strength of an injectable calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite cement , 2003, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[22]  W. S. Pietrzak,et al.  Calcium sulfate bone void filler: a review and a look ahead. , 2000, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[23]  D. Bradford,et al.  Calcium sulfate- and calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes. Mimicry of the mineral phase of bone. , 1999, The Orthopedic clinics of North America.

[24]  C. Cobb,et al.  Migration of human gingival fibroblasts over guided tissue regeneration barrier materials. , 1996, Journal of periodontology.

[25]  N. Forest,et al.  Osteoblast adherence and resorption activity of isolated osteoclasts on calcium sulphate hemihydrate. , 1995, Biomaterials.

[26]  H. Alexander,et al.  Diffusion of fibroblast growth factor from a plaster of Paris carrier. , 1993, Journal of applied biomaterials : an official journal of the Society for Biomaterials.