Naproxen affects multiple organs in fish but is still an environmentally better alternative to diclofenac.

[1]  Jing Ye,et al.  Long-term exposure to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen causes thyroid disruption in zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[2]  D. Wojcieszyńska,et al.  Naproxen ecotoxicity and biodegradation by Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) strain. , 2019, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[3]  Henrik Toft Sørensen,et al.  Diclofenac use and cardiovascular risks: series of nationwide cohort studies , 2018, British Medical Journal.

[4]  Sayaka Eguchi,et al.  Chronic exposure to diclofenac induces delayed mandibular defects in medaka (Oryzias latipes) in a sex-dependent manner. , 2018, Chemosphere.

[5]  Kyungho Choi,et al.  Chronic toxicity and endocrine disruption of naproxen in freshwater waterfleas and fish, and steroidogenic alteration using H295R cell assay. , 2018, Chemosphere.

[6]  C. Faggio,et al.  Toxicity of naproxen sodium and its mixture with tramadol hydrochloride on fish early life stages. , 2017, Chemosphere.

[7]  J. Fick,et al.  Diclofenac affects kidney histology in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) at low μg/L concentrations. , 2017, Aquatic toxicology.

[8]  Juying Li,et al.  Biodegradation of naproxen by freshwater algae Cymbella sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda and the comparative toxicity. , 2017, Bioresource technology.

[9]  T. Vanek,et al.  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the watercourses of Elbe basin in Czech Republic. , 2017, Chemosphere.

[10]  H. Gulyas,et al.  Measured and predicted environmental concentrations of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and metoprolol in small and medium rivers in northern Germany , 2016, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.

[11]  Ling Chen,et al.  Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of naproxen in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages , 2016, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[12]  P. Marsalek,et al.  Oxidative stress indices and histopathological effects of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug naproxen in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). , 2016, Neuro - endocrinology letters.

[13]  K. Kashfi,et al.  Gastrointestinal safety, chemotherapeutic potential, and classic pharmacological profile of NOSH‐naproxen (AVT‐219) a dual NO‐ and H2S‐releasing hybrid , 2016, Pharmacology research & perspectives.

[14]  W. Kloas,et al.  Effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) naproxen on gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). , 2015, Environmental toxicology and pharmacology.

[15]  R. Nixon,et al.  Relative benefit-risk comparing diclofenac to other traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis , 2015, Arthritis Research & Therapy.

[16]  Kyungho Choi,et al.  Potential ecological footprints of active pharmaceutical ingredients: an examination of risk factors in low-, middle- and high-income countries , 2014, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[17]  T. Backhaus.  Medicines, shaken and stirred: a critical review on the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical mixtures , 2014, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

[18]  P. Marsalek,et al.  Effects of Mixture of Pharmaceuticals on Early Life Stages of Tench (Tinca tinca) , 2014, BioMed research international.

[19]  Mike Roberts,et al.  Principles of sound ecotoxicology. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[20]  J. Fick,et al.  EU-wide monitoring survey on emerging polar organic contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents. , 2013, Water research.

[21]  X. Y. Zhang,et al.  Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials , 2013, BDJ.

[22]  J. Sumpter,et al.  DICLOFENAC: NEW DATA ON CHRONIC TOXICITY AND BIOCONCENTRATION IN FISH , 2013, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[23]  R. Green,et al.  The Population Decline of Gyps Vultures in India and Nepal Has Slowed since Veterinary Use of Diclofenac was Banned , 2012, PloS one.

[24]  M. Tysklind,et al.  Multi-residue method for trace level determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. , 2012, Talanta.

[25]  M. Schulz,et al.  Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics , 2012, Critical Care.

[26]  A. Ledin,et al.  Occurrence and reduction of pharmaceuticals in the water phase at Swedish wastewater treatment plants. , 2012, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[27]  P. Marsalek,et al.  Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). , 2011, Polish journal of veterinary sciences.

[28]  Erik Kristiansson,et al.  Diclofenac in fish: Blood plasma levels similar to human therapeutic levels affect global hepatic gene expression , 2011, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[29]  A. Oikari,et al.  Uptake from water, biotransformation, and biliary excretion of pharmaceuticals by rainbow trout , 2011, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[30]  Mats Tysklind,et al.  Predicted critical environmental concentrations for 500 pharmaceuticals. , 2010, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[31]  L. Kumblad,et al.  Physiological effects of diclofenac, ibuprofen and propranolol on Baltic Sea blue mussels. , 2010, Aquatic toxicology.

[32]  Mats Tysklind,et al.  Therapeutic levels of levonorgestrel detected in blood plasma of fish: results from screening rainbow trout exposed to treated sewage effluents. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[33]  M. Spiteller,et al.  Occurrence of diclofenac and selected metabolites in sewage effluents. , 2008, The Science of the total environment.

[34]  D. Larsson,et al.  Variations in bioconcentration of human pharmaceuticals from sewage effluents into fish blood plasma. , 2007, Environmental toxicology and pharmacology.

[35]  M. Gu,et al.  Analysis of the effects diclofenac has on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using real-time PCR. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[36]  Kurtis Sarafin,et al.  Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario, Canada. , 2006, The Science of the total environment.

[37]  M. Wolfe,et al.  A Brief Overview of Nonneoplastic Hepatic Toxicity in Fish , 2005, Toxicologic pathology.

[38]  J. Schwaiger,et al.  Toxic effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Part I: histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation in rainbow trout. , 2004, Aquatic toxicology.

[39]  H. Köhler,et al.  Toxic effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Part II: cytological effects in liver, kidney, gills and intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). , 2004, Aquatic toxicology.

[40]  Aleem Ahmed Khan,et al.  Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan , 2004, Nature.

[41]  J. Nelson,et al.  Variable effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents on thyroid test results. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[42]  J. Cook,et al.  A Theoretical Model for Utilizing Mammalian Pharmacology and Safety Data to Prioritize Potential Impacts of Human Pharmaceuticals to Fish , 2003 .

[43]  M. Servos,et al.  Occurrence of neutral and acidic drugs in the effluents of Canadian sewage treatment plants , 2003, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[44]  M. Cleuvers.  Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects. , 2003, Toxicology letters.

[45]  Roberto Andreozzi,et al.  Pharmaceuticals in STP effluents and their solar photodegradation in aquatic environment. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[46]  Heinz P Singer,et al.  Occurrence and fate of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in surface waters. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[47]  Thomas D. Schmittgen,et al.  Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. , 2001, Methods.

[48]  J. Nichols,et al.  Branchial elimination of superhydrophobic organic compounds by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). , 2001, Aquatic toxicology.

[49]  N. Davies,et al.  Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Diclofenac , 1997, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[50]  N. Davies,et al.  Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Naproxen , 1997, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[51]  J. Bock,et al.  Effects of commonly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on thyroid hormone measurements. , 1994, The American journal of medicine.

[52]  M. Betz,et al.  Macrophages release arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane in response to late complement components. , 1984, Journal of immunology.

[53]  H. Segner,et al.  Pathology working group review of histopathologic specimens from three laboratory studies of diclofenac in trout. , 2014, Aquatic toxicology.

[54]  Yong Yu,et al.  Seasonal variation of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment plants. , 2013, The Science of the total environment.

[55]  M. Vávrová,et al.  Application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of selected drug residues in wastewater and surface water. , 2013, Journal of environmental sciences.

[56]  D. Barceló,et al.  Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes. , 2010, Environment international.

[57]  Stuart J Khan,et al.  Modelling of pharmaceutical residues in Australian sewage by quantities of use and fugacity calculations. , 2004, Chemosphere.