Adhesion and biocides inactivation of Salmonella on stainless steel and polyethylene.

The adhesion of Salmonella (S.) strains to stainless steel and polyethylene and their inactivation by biocides used in food industry was investigated. Coupons of stainless steel and polyethylene were immersed in bacterial suspensions of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Bredeney during 15, 30, and 60 minutes, and submitted to different concentrations of peracetic acid (PAA), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and quaternary ammonium (Quat) sanitizers. Hydrophobicity of the surfaces was evaluated by contact angle measurements using the sessile drop method and bacterial adhesion was accompanied through bacterial counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the three serovars of Salmonella presented similar adhesion to both materials (5.0 to 6.5 log cfu cm -2 ). The time of exposure did not influence the counts of adhered cells on both surfaces, however SEM revealed larger clusters of S. Enteritidis on both materials, not found for the other serovars. S. Enteritidis presented lower sessile drop angle on polyethylene, indicating hydrophilic properties of this material. The biocides were not able to inactivate all the microorganisms adhered on both surfaces. At least 1 log cfu cm -2 of all serovars tested remained viable after the exposure to different biocide concentrations. In general, higher counts of survivors were observed on polyethylene disinfected with different concentrations of biocides. S. Bredeney e S. Typhimurium were more resistant than S. Enteritidis to PAA, whilst S. Enteritidis presented smaller reduction rates to NaOCl. This last biocide was able to reduce Salmonella counts in approximately 3.0 to 4.0 log cm -2 . When adhered to polyethylene, the serovars S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were more resistant to Quat than S. Bredeney in all concentrations tested, and the numbers of S. Enteritidis remained almost unaltered. On stainless steel disinfected by Quat, S. Bredeney presented higher numbers of survivors.

[1]  E. Alves,et al.  Biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel surface and biotransfer potential , 2010, Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology].

[2]  G. Pasquali,et al.  Clonal relationship among Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis involved in foodborne outbreaks in Southern Brazil , 2009 .

[3]  M. Cardoso,et al.  Quantification and molecular characterization of Salmonella isolated from food samples involved in salmonellosis outbreaks in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil , 2008, Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology].

[4]  M. Woźniak,et al.  The method of contact angle measurements and estimation of work of adhesion in bioleaching of metals , 1998, Biological Procedures Online.

[5]  E. Alves,et al.  Formation of biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel and glass surfaces and its resistance to some selected chemical sanitizers , 2007 .

[6]  Rosário Oliveira,et al.  Adhesion of Salmonella enteritidis to stainless steel surfaces , 2007 .

[7]  M. Cardoso,et al.  Sensibilidade e resistência de amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas de suínos abatidos no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil frente aos desinfetantes químicos quaternário de amônio e iodofor , 2006 .

[8]  Mariana Henriques,et al.  Comparison of the adhesion ability of different Salmonella enteritidis serotypes to materials used in kitchens. , 2006, Journal of food protection.

[9]  N. Soares,et al.  ATP-bioluminescence assay as an alternative for hygiene-monitoring procedures of stainless steel milk contact surfaces , 2006 .

[10]  J. Tay,et al.  The influence of cell and substratum surface hydrophobicities on microbial attachment. , 2004, Journal of biotechnology.

[11]  A. Brandelli,et al.  Serological characterization and prevalence of spvR genes in Salmonella isolated from foods involved in outbreaks in Brazil. , 2004, Journal of food protection.

[12]  Amauri Braga Simonetti,et al.  Aderência bacteriana in vitro a lentes intra-oculares de polimetilmetacrilato e de silicone , 2004 .

[13]  Joseph F. Frank,et al.  Biofilm Formation and Control in Food Processing Facilities. , 2003, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety.

[14]  M. Wiedmann,et al.  Microtiter Plate Assay for Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation , 2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[15]  R. Beumer,et al.  Effects of antibacterial dishwashing liquid on foodborne pathogens and competitive microorganisms in kitchen sponges. , 2002, Journal of food protection.

[16]  P W Andrew,et al.  Listeria monocytogenes adheres to many materials found in food‐processing environments , 2001, Journal of applied microbiology.

[17]  I. Karunasagar,et al.  Biofilm formation by salmonella spp. on food contact surfaces and their sensitivity to sanitizers. , 2001, International journal of food microbiology.

[18]  L. Kunigk,et al.  Action of peracetic acid on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in suspension or settled on stainless steel surfaces , 2001 .

[19]  C. Gaylarde,et al.  Comparison of sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid as sanitising agents for stainless steel food processing surfaces using epifluorescence microscopy. , 2000, International journal of food microbiology.

[20]  J. Carballo,et al.  Attachment of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes to stainless steel, rubber and polytetrafluorethylene: the influence of free energy and the effect of commercial sanitizers , 2000 .

[21]  L. Barnes,et al.  Effect of Milk Proteins on Adhesion of Bacteria to Stainless Steel Surfaces , 1999, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[22]  A. D. Russell,et al.  Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance , 2001, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[23]  E. A. Zottola,et al.  Adherence to stainless steel by foodborne microorganisms during growth in model food systems. , 1997, International journal of food microbiology.

[24]  M. Criado,et al.  Factor Analysis in the Evaluation of the Relationship between Bacterial Adherence to Biomaterials and Changes in Free Energy , 1992, Journal of Biomaterials Applications.

[25]  C. Higgs,et al.  A conductance‐based surface disinfection test for food hygiene , 1990 .

[26]  J. Holah,et al.  Cleanability in relation to bacterial retention on unused and abraded domestic sink materials. , 1990, The Journal of applied bacteriology.