Singular Representation of Plasmon Resonance Modes to Optimize the Near- and Far-Field Properties of Metal Nanoparticles

A singular representation of the complex-valued extinction coefficient of metal nanoparticles is developed to characterize the resonant behavior of plasmonic systems exhibiting an arbitrary number of resonances. This complex coefficient is analytically represented in form of a meromorphic function of the pulsation containing a singular (resonant) and a regular part, and an original algorithm based on a numerical derivation is proposed to find all resonant parameters of each excited mode. This approach, applied to silver nanoparticles, allows a characterization of the resonance red-shift and broadening when increasing the particle size or the local refractive index, as well as a particular sphere radius presenting a minimal bandwidth corresponding to minimal losses in the system. The optical cross sections of individual modes present an optimal particle size that maximizes the absorption cross section and from which the scattering process becomes predominant with respect to the absorption. Optical efficiencies can also be optimized regarding the particle size, and their variations are correlated to those of the maximum near-field intensity. The hybrid modes in silver dimers are also analyzed, and the hot spot intensity resulting from the longitudinal mode excitation can also be maximized by optimizing the particle size and the local refractive index.

[1]  Jianfang Wang,et al.  Refractive Index Sensitivities of Noble Metal Nanocrystals: The Effects of Multipolar Plasmon Resonances and the Metal Type , 2011 .

[2]  Emil Prodan,et al.  Plasmon Hybridization in Nanoparticle Dimers , 2004 .

[3]  J. Wenger,et al.  Optimizing Nanoparticle Designs for Ideal Absorption of Light , 2015 .

[4]  Jeffrey N. Anker,et al.  Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors. , 2008, Nature materials.

[5]  Alexandre V. Tishchenko,et al.  Analysis of plasmon resonances on a metal particle , 2014 .

[6]  W. Steen.  Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , 1999 .

[7]  F.Michael Kahnert,et al.  Numerical methods in electromagnetic scattering theory , 2003 .

[8]  P. Nordlander,et al.  Designing and deconstructing the Fano lineshape in plasmonic nanoclusters. , 2012, Nano letters.

[9]  P. Nordlander,et al.  Mechanisms of Fano resonances in coupled plasmonic systems. , 2013, ACS nano.

[10]  P. Nordlander,et al.  A Hybridization Model for the Plasmon Response of Complex Nanostructures , 2003, Science.

[11]  David R. Smith,et al.  Shape effects in plasmon resonance of individual colloidal silver nanoparticles , 2002 .

[12]  N. Destouches,et al.  Coupled Mode Modeling To Interpret Hybrid Modes and Fano Resonances in Plasmonic Systems , 2015 .

[13]  Martin Moskovits,et al.  Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering , 2006 .

[14]  C. Clavero,et al.  Plasmon-induced hot-electron generation at nanoparticle/metal-oxide interfaces for photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices , 2014, Nature Photonics.

[15]  Junxi Zhang,et al.  Nanostructures for surface plasmons , 2012 .

[16]  Gene H. Golub,et al.  Matrix computations (3rd ed.) , 1996 .

[17]  K. Kolwas,et al.  Damping rates of surface plasmons for particles of size from nano- to micrometers; reduction of the nonradiative decay , 2012, 1211.4781.

[18]  Lukas Novotny,et al.  Strong coupling, energy splitting, and level crossings: A classical perspective , 2010 .

[19]  M. Hamdoun,et al.  Two-dimensional coupled mode equation for grating waveguide excitation by a focused beam , 2003 .

[20]  C. Noguez.  Surface Plasmons on Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Shape and Physical Environment , 2007 .

[21]  Nicolas Bonod,et al.  Optimization of resonant effects in nanostructures via Weierstrass factorization , 2013 .

[22]  Sergei Tretyakov,et al.  Maximizing Absorption and Scattering by Dipole Particles , 2013, Plasmonics.

[23]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .

[24]  Nicolas Bonod,et al.  Singular analysis of Fano resonances in plasmonic nanostructures , 2013 .

[25]  Michael Vollmer,et al.  Optical properties of metal clusters , 1995 .

[26]  Elodie Boisselier,et al.  Gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine: preparations, imaging, diagnostics, therapies and toxicity. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[27]  G. A. Baker.  Essentials of Padé approximants , 1975 .

[28]  Gérard Meunier,et al.  The finite element method for electromagnetic modeling , 2008 .

[29]  Arkady M. Satanin,et al.  Classical analogy of Fano resonances , 2006 .

[30]  D. Mackowski,et al.  Analysis of radiative scattering for multiple sphere configurations , 1991, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[31]  K. Kolwas,et al.  Plasmonic abilities of gold and silver spherical nanoantennas in terms of size dependent multipolar resonance frequencies and plasmon damping rates , 2010, 1104.0565.

[32]  Anatolii Viacheslavovich Sokolov,et al.  Optical Properties of Metals , 1967 .

[33]  David R. Smith,et al.  Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles , 2003 .

[34]  Gene H. Golub,et al.  Matrix computations , 1983 .

[35]  B. Draine,et al.  Discrete-Dipole Approximation For Scattering Calculations , 1994 .

[36]  Adrian Doicu,et al.  Light Scattering by Systems of Particles: Null-Field Method with Discrete Sources: Theory and Programs , 2014 .

[37]  S. Asano,et al.  Light scattering by a spheroidal particle. , 1975, Applied optics.

[38]  Isaak D. Mayergoyz,et al.  Electrostatic (plasmon) resonances in nanoparticles , 2005 .