Altering the growth conditions of Gluconacetobacter xylinus to maximize the yield of bacterial cellulose.

An extensive matrix of different growth conditions including media, incubation time, inoculum volume, surface area and media volume were investigated in order to maximize the yield of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus, which will be used as reinforcement material to produce fully biodegradable composites. Crystallinity was shown to be controllable depending on the media and conditions employed. Samples with significant difference in crystallinity in a range from 50% to 95% were produced. Through experimental design, the yield of cellulose was maximized; primarily this involved reactor surface area design, optimized media and the use of mannitol being the highest cellulose-producing carbon source. Increasing the volume of the media did achieve a higher cellulose yield, however this increase was not found to be cost or time effective.

[1]  W. An,et al.  Production and Characterization of Cellulose by Acetobacter sp. V6 Using a Cost-Effective Molasses–Corn Steep Liquor Medium , 2010, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[2]  Wojciech Czaja,et al.  Structural investigations of microbial cellulose produced in stationary and agitated culture , 2004 .

[3]  K. Cheng,et al.  Effect of different additives on bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum and analysis of material property , 2009 .

[4]  Y. Nishi,et al.  The structure and mechanical properties of sheets prepared from bacterial cellulose , 1989 .

[5]  Satoshi Masaoka,et al.  Production of cellulose from glucose by Acetobacter xylinum , 1993 .

[6]  A. Basta,et al.  Production and characterization of economical bacterial cellulose , 2008, BioResources.

[7]  L. Hu,et al.  Effect of addition of sodium alginate on bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum , 2007, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology.

[8]  B. Evans,et al.  Statistical analysis of optimal culture conditions for Gluconacetobacter hansenii cellulose production , 2007, Letters in applied microbiology.

[9]  H. Son,et al.  Increased production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter sp. V6 in synthetic media under shaking culture conditions. , 2003, Bioresource technology.

[10]  S. Keshk,et al.  Evaluation of different carbon sources for bacterial cellulose production , 2005 .

[11]  H. Fink,et al.  Investigation of the supramolecular structure of never dried bacterial cellulose , 1997 .

[12]  C. Haigler,et al.  Cellulose biogenesis: Polymerization and crystallization are coupled processes in Acetobacter xylinum. , 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  R. Atalla,et al.  Native Cellulose: A Composite of Two Distinct Crystalline Forms , 1984, Science.

[14]  H. Hibbert,et al.  Studies on Reactions Relating to Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides. XXXV. Polysaccharide Synthesis by the Action of Acetobacter Xylinus on Carbohydrates and Related Compounds , 1931 .

[15]  Michael J. Gidley,et al.  Characterization of Cellulose Production by a Gluconacetobacter xylinus Strain from Kombucha , 2008, Current Microbiology.

[16]  S. Valla,et al.  Cellulose-negative Mutants of Acetobacter xylinum , 1982 .

[17]  G. Z. Pourramezan,et al.  Optimization of culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter sp. 4B-2. , 2009 .

[18]  S. Eichhorn,et al.  Optimization of the mechanical performance of bacterial cellulose/poly(L-lactic) acid composites. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[19]  M. Ameyama,et al.  Production of Cellulose from D-Mannitol by Acetobacter xylinum KU-1 , 1995 .

[20]  S. Anderson,et al.  Biogenesis of bacterial cellulose. , 1991, Critical reviews in microbiology.

[21]  Hiroyuki Yamamoto,et al.  In situ crystallization of bacterial cellulose II. Influences of different polymeric additives on the formation of celluloses Iα and Iβ at the early stage of incubation , 1996 .

[22]  Lokendra Singh,et al.  Effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on cellulose synthesis by Acetobacter xylinum , 2000 .

[23]  D. J. Johnson,et al.  The resolution of multipeak data in fibre science , 1971 .

[24]  M. Gidley,et al.  Influence of different carbon sources on bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain ATCC 53524 , 2009, Journal of applied microbiology.

[25]  Kunihiko Watanabe,et al.  Structural Features and Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Produced in Agitated Culture , 1998 .

[26]  Y. Wee,et al.  Production of bacterial cellulose by Gluconacetobacter sp. RKY5 isolated from persimmon vinegar , 1996, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[27]  R Mayer,et al.  Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria. , 1991, Microbiological reviews.

[28]  Dieter Klemm,et al.  Nanocelluloses as Innovative Polymers in Research and Application , 2006 .

[29]  M. Schramm,et al.  Role of Hexose Phosphate in Synthesis of Cellulose by Acetobacter Xylinum , 1957, Nature.

[30]  H. Son,et al.  Influence of glycerol on production and structural-physical properties of cellulose from Acetobacter sp. V6 cultured in shake flasks. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[31]  D P Delmer,et al.  Cellulose biosynthesis. , 1995, The Plant cell.

[32]  J. Colvin,et al.  Evidence for a beneficial influence of cellulose production on growth ofAcetobacter xylinum in liquid medium , 1980, Current Microbiology.

[33]  T. Tsuchida,et al.  Screening of Bacterial Cellulose-producing Acetobacter Strains Suitable for Agitated Culture , 1995 .

[34]  S. Bielecki,et al.  Factors affecting the yield and properties of bacterial cellulose , 2002, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[35]  M. Schramm,et al.  Factors affecting production of cellulose at the air/liquid interface of a culture of Acetobacter xylinum. , 1954, Journal of general microbiology.

[36]  S. Keshk,et al.  The utilization of sugar cane molasses with/without the presence of lignosulfonate for the production of bacterial cellulose , 2006, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.