Electrochemical determination of diazepam in real samples based on fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid nanocomposite

Abstract A modified electrode using fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid (IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) has been applied for the determination of diazepam in real samples including serum, urine, and tablets. The properties of fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and voltammetry. The experimental results confirmed that modified electrode with fullerene-functionalized carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid has good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of diazepam. The electrocatalytic current increases linearly with the diazepam concentration in the ranges of 0.3–700.0 μM, and the detection limit is 87 ± 2 nM. The proposed electrode displayed excellent repeatability and long-term stability and it was satisfactorily used for determination of diazepam in real samples (commercially tablet, urine, and serum samples) with high recovery.

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