Vapor-Phase Polymerized Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) on a Nickel Nanowire Array Film: Aqueous Symmetrical Pseudocapacitors with Superior Performance

Three-dimensional (3D) nanometal scaffolds have gained considerable attention recently because of their promising application in high-performance supercapacitors compared with plain metal foils. Here, a highly oriented nickel (Ni) nanowire array (NNA) film was prepared via a simple magnetic-field-driven aqueous solution deposition process and then used as the electrode scaffold for the vapor-phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). Benefiting from the unique 3D open porous structure of the NNA that provided a highly conductive and oriented backbone for facile electron transfer and fast ion diffusion, the as-obtained poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) exhibited an ultra-long cycle life (95.7% retention of specific capacitance after 20 000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A/g) and superior capacitive performance. Furthermore, two electrodes were fabricated into an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor, which delivered a high energy density (30.38 Wh/kg at 529.49 W/kg) and superior long-term cycle ability (13.8% loss of capacity after 20 000 cycles). Based on these results, the vapor-phase polymerization of EDOT on metal nanowire array current collectors has great potential for use in supercapacitors with enhanced performance.

[1]  Chaodi Xu,et al.  An Ultralong, Highly Oriented Nickel‐Nanowire‐Array Electrode Scaffold for High‐Performance Compressible Pseudocapacitors , 2016, Advanced materials.

[2]  Jinxing Huo,et al.  Solution-processed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite paper electrodes for high-capacitance flexible supercapacitors , 2016 .

[3]  Jingkun Xu,et al.  Poly(thieno[3,4–b]–1,4–oxathiane): Effect of solvent on the chemical synthesis and capacitance comparison in different electrolytes , 2015 .

[4]  Austin C. Faucett,et al.  Vapor-phase polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on commercial carbon coated aluminum foil as enhanced electrodes for supercapacitors , 2015 .

[5]  Byeong‐Su Kim,et al.  Ultrathin Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Assembled with Photo-Cross-Linkable Polymer: Conversion of Electrochemical Kinetics in Ultrathin Films , 2015 .

[6]  Baoyang Lu,et al.  Poly(thieno[3,4‐b]‐1,4‐oxathiane) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐co‐thieno[3,4‐b]‐1,4‐oxathiane)/poly(styrene sulfonic sodium): Preparation, characterization, and optoelectronic performance , 2015 .

[7]  Min Wei,et al.  Hierarchical Conducting Polymer@Clay Core-Shell Arrays for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitor Devices. , 2015, Small.

[8]  Yu Song,et al.  Pushing the Cycling Stability Limit of Polypyrrole for Supercapacitors , 2015 .

[9]  Xiaoshu Zhu,et al.  PEDOT/g-C3N4 binary electrode material for supercapacitors , 2015 .

[10]  Sreekumar Kurungot,et al.  Novel scalable synthesis of highly conducting and robust PEDOT paper for a high performance flexible solid supercapacitor , 2015 .

[11]  H. Alshareef,et al.  Highly Stable Supercapacitors with Conducting Polymer Core‐Shell Electrodes for Energy Storage Applications , 2015 .

[12]  S. Qiao,et al.  Polypyrrole shell@3D-Ni metal core structured electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. , 2015, Chemistry.

[13]  Dingshan Yu,et al.  Ternary Hybrids of Amorphous Nickel Hydroxide–Carbon Nanotube‐Conducting Polymer for Supercapacitors with High Energy Density, Excellent Rate Capability, and Long Cycle Life , 2015 .

[14]  Shuijian He,et al.  Natural source derived carbon paper supported conducting polymer nanowire arrays for high performance supercapacitors , 2015 .

[15]  Baoyang Lu,et al.  Poly(thieno[3,4-b]-1,4-oxathiane): medium effect on electropolymerization and electrochromic performance. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[16]  K. Xiao,et al.  Amorphous MnO2 supported on 3D-Ni nanodendrites for large areal capacitance supercapacitors , 2014 .

[17]  Nan Li,et al.  Amorphous Ni(OH)2 @ three-dimensional Ni core–shell nanostructures for high capacitance pseudocapacitors and asymmetric supercapacitors , 2014 .

[18]  Cheng Yang,et al.  Scalable fabrication of MnO2 nanostructure deposited on free-standing Ni nanocone arrays for ultrathin, flexible, high-performance micro-supercapacitor , 2014 .

[19]  Baoyang Lu,et al.  Electrochemical synthesis and capacitance properties of a novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene bis-substituted bithiophene) electrode material , 2014 .

[20]  G. Bidan,et al.  Novel hybrid micro-supercapacitor based on conducting polymer coated silicon nanowires for electrochemical energy storage , 2014 .

[21]  Qiming Zhang,et al.  A high performance hybrid asymmetric supercapacitor via nano-scale morphology control of graphene, conducting polymer, and carbon nanotube electrodes , 2014 .

[22]  Teng Zhai,et al.  Polyaniline and polypyrrole pseudocapacitor electrodes with excellent cycling stability. , 2014, Nano letters.

[23]  E. Matsubara,et al.  Three-dimensional nanoelectrode by metal nanowire nonwoven clothes. , 2014, Nano letters.

[24]  M. El‐Kady,et al.  Vapor-phase polymerization of nanofibrillar poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for supercapacitors. , 2014, ACS nano.

[25]  Liwei Lin,et al.  Uniformly embedded metal oxide nanoparticles in vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests as pseudocapacitor electrodes for enhanced energy storage. , 2013, Nano letters.

[26]  Geng Li,et al.  Graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hydrogel with excellent mechanical performance and high conductivity , 2013 .

[27]  Yuanyuan Li,et al.  Construction of high-capacitance 3D CoO@polypyrrole nanowire array electrode for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor. , 2013, Nano letters.

[28]  Huan Pang,et al.  Cu superstructures fabricated using tree leaves and Cu–MnO2 superstructures for high performance supercapacitors , 2013 .

[29]  Zhenan Bao,et al.  Hybrid nanostructured materials for high-performance electrochemical capacitors , 2013 .

[30]  Jun‐Jie Zhu,et al.  Microwave‐Assisted In Situ Synthesis of Graphene/PEDOT Hybrid and Its Application in Supercapacitors , 2013 .

[31]  Jianhua Xu,et al.  Electrochemical performance of conducting polymer and its nanocomposites prepared by chemical vapor phase polymerization method , 2013, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.

[32]  J. Nie,et al.  Ablation of ALCAT1 Mitigates Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy through Effects on Oxidative Stress and Mitophagy , 2012, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[33]  X. Zhao,et al.  Conducting Polymers Directly Coated on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets as High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes , 2012 .

[34]  Ran Liu,et al.  Highly flexible pseudocapacitor based on freestanding heterogeneous MnO2/conductive polymer nanowire arrays. , 2012, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[35]  J. Nam,et al.  A facile synthetic route for well defined multilayer films of graphene and PEDOTvia an electrochemical method , 2012 .

[36]  E. Matsubara,et al.  Formation of Nickel Nanowires via Electroless Deposition Under a Magnetic Field , 2011 .

[37]  Yi Cui,et al.  Solution-processed graphene/MnO2 nanostructured textiles for high-performance electrochemical capacitors. , 2011, Nano letters.

[38]  B. Jang,et al.  Graphene-based supercapacitor with an ultrahigh energy density. , 2010, Nano letters.

[39]  Lili Zhang,et al.  Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[40]  Maria Forsyth,et al.  High Rates of Oxygen Reduction over a Vapor Phase–Polymerized PEDOT Electrode , 2008, Science.

[41]  Ran Liu,et al.  Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes as electrode materials for a high-powered supercapacitor , 2008, Nanotechnology.

[42]  T. Imae,et al.  Electrochemical and Optical Properties of the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Film Electropolymerized in an Aqueous Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Lithium Tetrafluoroborate Medium , 2004 .

[43]  Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci,et al.  Effects of Postproduction Treatment on Plastic Solar Cells , 2003 .

[44]  Dean M. DeLongchamp,et al.  Layer-by-layer assembly of PEDOT/polyaniline electrochromic devices , 2001 .

[45]  T. Sasaki,et al.  Self-Assembled Multilayers of Titania Nanoparticles and Nanosheets with Polyelectrolytes , 2003 .